reserve English · revision 4313

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1340|origins=la servare}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɪˈzɜːv/, US /rɪˈzɝːv/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|reserven]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|reserver|t=to set aside, withhold]] (12th century),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and directly from [[la|reservāre|t=to keep back, save up]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from re- “back” and servare “to keep, save, protect”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from [[ine-pro|*ser-|t=to protect]].^(Etymonline) The noun is from French réserve,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) or from the English verb.^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) It is related to [[conserve]] and [[preserve]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ “To keep for future use; to store up”: 1340 in the OED,^(OED 1989) the mid-14th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) Barnhart has 1357, in the sense “to retain (jurisdiction)”.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To keep back for a later time is from 1382,^(OED 1989) and to keep as one's own from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) The noun meant a storage place in 1644 and something stored up before 1658;^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) Etymonline dates “something stored up” to the 1610s.^(Etymonline) Troops withheld from action for later use are from 1648,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) and the national reserve forces from 1866.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Self-restraint, a habit of keeping back one's feelings, is from the 1650s,^(Etymonline) 1655 in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988) The adjective, kept in reserve, is from 1719.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) A district set apart for a purpose, as a nature reserve, is from 1805;^(Etymonline) capital kept on hand by a bank is from 1866,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and known amounts of oil or minerals from 1912.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In sport, a substitute player is from 1900.^(OED 1989) “To book”, as a seat or table, is from 1935.^(Etymonline) ''Reservation'', from 1377, gained the sense of land set aside for an American Indian people later.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1340 – verb, to keep for future use.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1644 – noun, a storage place.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1648 – reserve troops.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1655 – self-restraint.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1719 – adjective.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1805 – a district set apart.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1866 – a bank's reserve; reserve forces.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1900 – a substitute player.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1912 – reserves of oil or minerals.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1935 – to book.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To keep back for future use or a special purpose.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To set apart for a particular person; to [[book]]: ''reserve a table''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To keep for oneself; to [[retain]]: ''reserve the right to refuse''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To put off (a decision, as a judgment) to a later time.^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Something kept back for future use: ''reserves of food''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Self-restraint in speech or manner; [[reticence]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Capital held back by a bank or business to meet expected demands.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A part of the armed forces kept for emergencies, or troops held back from action.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An area of land set apart for a purpose: ''a nature reserve''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # In sport, a substitute player.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Held in reserve: ''a reserve supply''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[reservable]]

+ * [[reserver]]

+ * [[unreserve]]

+ * [[reserve bank]]

+ * [[reserve buoyancy]]

+ * [[gold reserve]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[reservist]]

+ * [[reservation]]

+ * [[reservoir]]

+ * [[reserved]]

+ * [[conserve]]

+ * [[preserve]]

+ * [[observe]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}