danger English · revision 4295

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=a. 1225|origins=la dominus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈdeɪn.dʒə/, US /ˈdeɪn.dʒɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|daunger|t=power, jurisdiction; liability; reluctance]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|xno|daunger]], Old French dangier “power, power to harm, mastery”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) an alteration, influenced by Old French dam “damage”, from Latin damnum, of dongier,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[la-vul|*dominiārium|t=power of a lord]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from Latin dominium “sovereignty”,^(Barnhart 1988) from [[m|la|dominus|t=lord, master]],^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from domus “house”, from [[ine-pro|*dem-|t=house, household]].^(Etymonline) It is related to [[dominion]], [[dame]] and [[dungeon]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ “Arrogance, insolence”: before 1250 in Barnhart, in a version of the Ancrene Riwle,^(Barnhart 1988) the mid-13th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The power of a lord or master, jurisdiction, is from before 1225 in the OED,^(OED 1989) about 1300 in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the Middle Ages into the 19th century the word meant jurisdiction or power, at first the power of a lord to harm.^(Cresswell 2021)^(NODE 1998) It also meant difficulty raised, reluctance or coyness, from about 1290,^(OED 1989) and liability to loss or punishment from 1377.^(OED 1989) The modern sense, risk or peril, came from being in the control of someone or something else; it developed first in French and was in English by the late 14th century,^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) first recorded about 1378 in Piers Plowman.^(Barnhart 1988) Old English used pleoh for this, and early Middle English [[peril]].^(Etymonline) Johnson in 1755 called the French word “of uncertain derivation” and listed the guesses of Skinner, Ménage and Minsheu.^(Johnson 1755) ''Dangerous'' first meant difficult to deal with, haughty, before 1200.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) The verb, to endanger, is from about 1470 and now archaic.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * a. 1225 – a lord's power.^(OED 1989)

+ * a. 1250 – arrogance.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1290 – reluctance.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1377 – liability.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1378 – risk, peril.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1470 – verb, to endanger.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Exposure to possible harm, injury or [[loss]]; [[peril]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Something or someone that may cause harm; a source of [[risk]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Power or jurisdiction, especially the power to harm.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dangerless]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dangerous]]

+ * [[dungeon]]

+ * [[domain]]

+ * [[dame]]

+ * [[endanger]]

+ * [[dominion]]

+ * [[dominate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}