id English · revision 4281

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=calque|attested=1924|origins=de Es}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɪd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|id|t=it]], used to translate German Es “it”,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) which Freud used as a noun in Das Ich und das Es (1923), translated as The Ego and the Id.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Groddeck used es in the same way in Das Buch vom Es (1923), following Nietzsche's use of it for impersonal, instinctual forces.^(Barnhart 1988) Latin id is from the pronoun stem [[ine-pro|*i-]].^(Etymonline) It is related to [[ego]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ 1924, in the translation of Freud's collected papers by Joan Riviere and others, according to Barnhart and Etymonline;^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) the OED has a first quotation from 1917.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Freudian theory the id is the wholly unconscious part of the psyche, the source of instinctual drives, beside the [[ego]] and the [[superego]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate) The word kept this technical sense, and is used more loosely of primitive impulses in general.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1917 – OED first quotation.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1923 – Freud's Das Ich und das Es.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1924 – in English, in Riviere's translation.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # In [[psychoanalysis]], the part of the [[psyche]] that is entirely unconscious and is the source of [[instinct|alt=instinctual]] impulses demanding immediate satisfaction.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ego]]

+ * [[superego]]

+ * [[identity]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ID, short for identification, is a separate word, used for an identity card from 1941 and as a verb, to identify, from 1944.^(MWU 2024)^(AHD) In Weismann's theory of heredity an id, from 1893, was a unit of germ plasm,^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002) and the Muslim festival ''Eid'' is also spelled id.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}