temperatura Latin · revision 4278
15 Oct 2026, 21:27 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la temperō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [tɛm.pɛ.raːˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [tem.pe.raˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''temperātūra''' ''f'' (genitive temperātūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|tempero|-ūra|t1=to mix in due proportion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|temperō]] comes from [[tempus]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*temp-|t=to stretch]] or [[ine-pro|*temh₁-|t=to cut]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Varro uses it of the climate, ''caeli temperatura'', in a fragment quoted by Nonius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC, and gives Vitruvius as its first author.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the mixing of things in due proportion, blending, and a mixture so made, as Vitruvius' preparation of red lead and Pliny's alloy of bronze.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It also meant the regulation of something between extremes, including heat and cold.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note it is ante-classical and post-Augustan, beside classical [[temperatio|alt=temperātiō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it of the constitution of the body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In medieval Latin it meant the temper of metal.^(Niermeyer 1976) In New Latin physics it took the sense of temperature.^(Wiktionary) English ''temperature'' is recorded in the mid-15th century as the fact of being tempered, and later as a degree of heat.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the climate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of preparing red lead.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the body's constitution.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''temperature'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Due mixture, blending, proportion; a [[m|en|temper]], composition.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Regulation between extremes, including of heat.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The temper of metal.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ # ''(New Latin, physics)'' [[m|en|temperature]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[temperō]]
+ * [[en|temperature]]
+ * [[en|temper]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}