superciliosus Latin · revision 4273

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Seneca|origins=la supercilium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊ.pɛr.kɪ.liˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [su.per.t͡ʃi.liˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''superciliōsus''' (feminine superciliōsa, neuter superciliōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|supercilium|-ōsus|t1=eyebrow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Etymonline explains the sense through raising the eyebrow to show haughtiness, ''supercilium'' itself having the sense of pride.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Seneca, in his Letters, uses it of stern, frowning people.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Seneca 4 BC–65 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OLD defines it as full of stern or disapproving looks, and Lewis & Short call it post-Augustan and very rare.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Arnobius uses it of things showing arrogance, and Martianus Capella has the comparative.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) A gloss equates it with ''superbus'' “proud”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In medieval British Latin it meant proud or arrogant, and a glossary renders it “heavy-browed”.^(DMLBS) English ''supercilious'' is recorded in the 1520s as “haughtily contemptuous”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of stern people.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 297–310 AD – Arnobius uses it of arrogant things.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English ''supercilious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Frowning, stern, censorious.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Haughty, disdainful, [[m|en|supercilious]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[supercilium]]

+ * [[en|supercilious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}