stupidus Latin · revision 4269

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la stupeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstʊ.pɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstuː.pi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stupidus''' (feminine stupida, neuter stupidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|stupeo|-idus|t1=to be stunned]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary traces [[m|la|stupeō]] to [[ine-pro|*(s)tewp-|t=to push, strike]].^(Wiktionary) Döderlein compared Greek [[grc|τύφω|tr=túphō]], an older view.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Accius uses it of breasts weighed down by dazed sleep, and Plautus asks a woman “why do you stand there stunned?”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It first meant physically dazed or numbed, and struck senseless by shock, spellbound: Terence's audience is ''studiō stupidus'', captivated by a tightrope walker.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Varro and Cicero on it also meant foolish, dull-witted, as when Zopyrus called Socrates stupid.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Döderlein distinguishes ''stupidus'', a person who understands with difficulty, from [[brutus]] and [[bardus]].^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval British Latin it meant numb, dazed and amazed.^(DMLBS) English ''stupid'' is recorded in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a stunned woman.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of spellbound spectators.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of Socrates called stupid.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''stupid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Dazed, stunned, amazed, spellbound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|stupid]], dull, foolish.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praestupidus]]

+ * [[stupiditās]]

+ * [[stupido]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stupeo|alt=stupeō]]

+ * [[en|stupid]]

+ * [[en|stupor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}