stipendium Latin · revision 4266

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la stips, la pendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [stiːˈpɛn.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [stiˈpɛn.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stīpendium''' ''n'' (genitive stīpendiī or stīpendī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|stips|pendo|t1=small coin|t2=to weigh out, pay]], shortened from [[m|la|*stipipendium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro already linked it with ''stips''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has a character paying mercenaries their wage, and uses it of a season of service.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the soldiers' regular pay, first paid at the end of a campaign, and ''stīpendia merēre'' meant to serve for pay.^(OLD 2012) By metonymy it was a year of service or a campaign.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It was also a cash payment levied on conquered states, later a permanent tax, and Lewis & Short note it was paid in money, unlike [[vectigal|alt=vectīgal]], paid in kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it of a salary paid from public funds.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was the wages of civilians, a dole for the poor and the allowance of clerics.^(Niermeyer 1976) In British sources it was pay for military service, often with reference to 1 Corinthians 9:7.^(DMLBS) English ''stipend'' is recorded in the early 15th century as a periodical payment.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of mercenaries' pay.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''stīpendia merēre'' of his service.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of tribute.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''stipend'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Soldiers' pay, ''stīpendia merēre'' to serve.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A year of military service; a [[m|en|campaign]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A tax or [[m|en|tribute]] paid in money.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # An income, salary, [[m|en|stipend]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Civil wages; a dole.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stipendialis]]

+ * [[stipendiārius]]

+ * [[stīpendior]]

+ * [[stipendiosus]]

+ * [[stīpendiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stips]]

+ * [[pendo|alt=pendō]]

+ * [[en|stipend]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}