socialis Latin · revision 4259
15 Oct 2026, 21:27 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la socius}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [sɔ.kiˈaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [so.t͡ʃiˈaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''sociālis''' (neuter sociāle, adverb sociāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|socius|-ālis|t1=companion, ally]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary traces ''socius'' to [[ine-pro|*sokʷyós]], from [[ine-pro|*sekʷ-|t=to follow]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Cicero, in the speech against Caecilius, calls the extortion law a law for the allies.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of or relating to allies, and ''bellum sociāle'' was the Social War between Rome and her Italian allies, 91–88 BC.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Ovid uses it of marriage partners, conjugal, as the rights of the marriage bed and a wedding song.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Seneca uses it of partners and calls man a ''sociāle animal'', a social animal born for the common good.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short note that the sense of companionable is not found before the Augustan age.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In medieval British Latin it meant of society, sociable.^(DMLBS) English ''social'' is recorded in the early 15th century, and as “living with others” since the 1560s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a law for the allies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca calls man a social animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''social'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of partners; living with others, [[m|en|social]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # Of allies, allied, ''bellum sociāle'' the Social War.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Of marriage, conjugal.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[insocialis]]
+ * [[sociālitās]]
+ * [[sociāliter]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[socia]]
+ * [[sociābilis]]
+ * [[sociātiō]]
+ * [[sociātrīx]]
+ * [[sociennus]]
+ * [[societās]]
+ * [[sociō]]
+ * [[sociofraudus]]
+ * [[socius]]
+ * [[en|social]]
+ * [[en|society]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}