securus Latin · revision 4254
15 Oct 2026, 21:27 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cicero|origins=la sē-, la cūra}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [seːˈkuː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [seˈkuː.rus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''sēcūrus''' (feminine sēcūra, neuter sēcūrum, comparative sēcūrior, adverb sēcūrē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|se-|cura|t1=without|t2=care]], with the ending [[m|la|-us]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Cicero, in the speech for Flaccus, says Hermippus set out for Temnus untroubled.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It first meant free from fears or anxieties, easy in mind, and of circumstances calm and peaceful.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant confident or sure of something, as in Lucan.^(OLD 2012) In a bad sense it was careless, negligent, nonchalant: Virgil says Pygmalion killed Sychaeus, careless of his sister's love.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Velleius on it also meant free from danger, safe, and in law immune from penalty.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts [[tutus|alt=tūtus]], actually safe, with ''sēcūrus'', one who feels safe.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In medieval Latin it meant exempt.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''secure'' is recorded in the 1530s as “without care or fear”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a man setting out untroubled.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of carelessness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of legal immunity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1530s – English ''secure'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Free from care, untroubled, calm.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Confident, sure.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Careless, negligent, indifferent.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Free from danger, safe, [[m|en|secure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(law)'' Immune from penalty, ''(Medieval Latin)'' exempt.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[sēcūritās]]
+ * [[sēcūrē]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cura|alt=cūra]]
+ * [[tutus|alt=tūtus]]
+ * [[en|secure]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}