flagro Latin · revision 4223

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *bʰl̥g-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɫa.ɡroː], [ˈfɫaɡ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈflaː.ɡro], [ˈflaɡ.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''flagrō''' (present infinitive flagrāre, perfect active flagrāvī, supine flagrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*flagro-|t=burning]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰl̥g-ro-|t=burning]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan takes the verb as probably a denominative of a lost adjective meaning “burning”, with the sequence -ag- explained by a sound rule proposed by Schrijver.^(de Vaan 2008) The noun [[flamma]] belongs to the same root, from [[itc-pro|*flagmā]], from a zero grade [[ine-pro|*bʰl̥g-mh₂-]], which de Vaan finds striking next to [[grc|φλογμός|tr=phlogmós|t=flame]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary takes the root further to [[ine-pro|*bʰel-|t=to shine]].^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|flagiuí]], the dative of an epithet of Jupiter, and with [[grc|φλέγω|tr=phlégō|t=to burn]] and [[sa|भ्राजते|tr=bhrājate|t=shines]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) A second ''flagrō'' in the manuscripts is a dissimilated form of [[fragro|alt=frāgrō]] “to smell”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates the verb from Cicero onwards, while its derivative ''flagrantia'' already appears in Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010) In Cicero's Aratea two burning eyes of the constellation Draco blaze, and in his speeches people burn with zeal for learning.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The literal sense is to be ablaze, of fires, torches and burning things, and of an altar or of Etna, the place where a fire burns.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was used of things that seem to be on fire, a gleaming shield in Virgil or eyes and cheeks glowing with emotion, and of a body hot with fever or wine.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively a person burned with passion, zeal or love, and a country seethed with war or unrest.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Passions themselves and wars were said to burn or rage, and a person could be consumed by hatred or infamy.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Döderlein contrasts it with [[ardeo|alt=ardēre]], to glow with a hidden heat, while ''flagrāre'' is to be in bright flames, and so of a passion that shows itself.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ The medieval writers kept the senses of burning, glowing and eager longing.^(MLW) Its present participle gave English ''flagrant'', recorded around 1500, first as “resplendent”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the derivative ''flagrantia'' “blaze”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the blazing eyes of Draco and of zeal for learning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of Aeneas shining with his starry shield.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''flagrant'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be ablaze, [[m|en|burn]], [[m|en|flame]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To glow or shine as if on fire; of the eyes or cheeks, to glow with emotion; of the body, to be flushed with fever or wine.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be excited, to burn with passion, zeal or love; with an infinitive, to be eager to.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Of a country, to seethe with war or unrest.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To be the object of hatred or infamy.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of passions, to be intense; of war, to rage.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[afflagrans]]

+ * [[circumflagro]]

+ * [[cōnflagrō]]

+ * [[dēflagrō]]

+ * [[flagrantia]]

+ * [[flagrātōrēs]]

+ * [[flagriō]]

+ * [[inflagro]]

+ * [[perflagratus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fulgō]]

+ * [[flamma]]

+ * [[fulgeo|alt=fulgeō]]

+ * [[en|flagrant]]

+ * [[en|conflagration]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}