tutor Latin · revision 4221

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la tueor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtuː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtuː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tūtor''' ''m'' (genitive tūtōris, feminine tūtrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tueor|-tor|t1=to watch, protect]], formed on the old past participle [[tutus|alt=tūtus]], later replaced by [[tuitus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Georges explains it as contracted from [[m|la|tuitor]].^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates its first use to Cicero, 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of the legal guardian of a minor and of a protector of religious rites.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OLD puts the legal sense first: a person appointed to look after someone unable to manage their own affairs, a boy under puberty or a woman of any age, and a ''tutor auctor'' authorised a transaction.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that the ''tutor'' cared for the person, while a ''curator'' cared for the estate.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In general use it was a protector, as Horace's Silvanus, guardian of boundaries, and Suetonius' guardian of the empire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was also a church advocate, an executor of a will and a regent.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010) British writers also used it of a tutor or teacher and of a guarantor.^(DMLBS) English ''tutor'' is recorded in the late 14th century as a guardian in law, and as a teacher from the late 14th century too.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a guardian and a protector.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace calls Silvanus ''tutor finium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 533 AD – Justinian's Digest sets out the law of guardians.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|tutor]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(law)'' A [[m|en|guardian]] of a minor, a woman or a person who cannot manage their affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A protector, defender.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An ecclesiastical advocate; an executor of a will; a regent.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|tutor]], teacher; a guarantor.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōtūtor]]

+ * [[tūtōrius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tueor]]

+ * [[en|tutor]]

+ * [[en|tutelage]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ There is a homograph ''tūtor, tūtārī'', a deponent verb “to guard, protect”, formed on the same participle with the suffix ''-tō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}