veto Latin · revision 4219

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛ.toː], [ˈwɛ.tɔ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vetō''' (present infinitive vetāre, perfect active vetuī, supine vetitum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain: the OLD and Lewis & Short call it doubtful.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The older form is [[voto|alt=votō]], used in the manuscripts of Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary suggests it is perhaps [[inh|itc-pro|*wotāō]] or [[m|itc-pro|*wotaō]], the first from [[ine-pro|*woth₂-eh₂-yeti]], the second from [[ine-pro|*woth₂-éye-ti]].^(Wiktionary) Georges compared Greek [[grc|ἐτώσιος|tr=etṓsios|t=vain, fruitless]].^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it, in the form ''votō'', to forbid something, as in “what I had forbidden, you avoided”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The core sense is to forbid an action or to forbid someone to do something, with an infinitive, an accusative and infinitive or ''nē''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In politics it meant to reject a proposal: tribes that voted against a law were said to ''vetāre'', and ''vetō'' “I forbid” was the formula of the tribunes of the plebs blocking a measure.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Things too could forbid or prevent, such as an oak blocking the sun in Seneca's tragedy.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes ''vetāre'', forbidding by law, opposite [[iubeo|alt=iubēre]], from [[interdico|alt=interdīcere]], forbidding by official authority.^(Döderlein 1874) The perfect ''vetāvī'' is poetic and late, as in the Vulgate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ English ''veto'' was taken from the tribunes' formula in the 1620s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the form ''votō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy reports the tribunes' formula ''vetō''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses the perfect ''vetāvī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1620s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|veto]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|forbid]], [[m|en|prohibit]] an action.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To forbid someone to do something.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To reject a proposal, ''vetō'', the formula of a tribune's [[m|en|veto]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Of things, to be an obstacle to, prevent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To advise against.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|veto]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Iubēre'' and ''vetāre'' are the usual pair for what a law orders and forbids, as in Quintilian's ''lex iubet aut vetat''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}