victoria Latin · revision 4218

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la vincō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [wɪkˈtoː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [vikˈtɔː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''victōria''' ''f'' (genitive victōriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|victor|-ia|t1=conqueror]], from [[vinco|alt=vincō]] “to conquer”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Vincō'' continues [[itc-pro|*winkō]], from [[ine-pro|*weyk-|t=to fight, conquer]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it of a victory won by one's own strength in battle, and personifies Victory among the gods named in tragedies.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Ennius speaks of deciding a battle ''de victoriā''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was victory in war and then in any contest, a lawsuit, an election or a debate: Cicero says the untrained judge an orator by the outcome and his win.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Personified, Victoria was a goddess, and statues of her are mentioned by Livy and Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of military and spiritual victories, as Bede of the Saxons.^(DMLBS) English ''victory'' is recorded around 1300, from Anglo-French and Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it and names the goddess Victoria.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a win in court.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''victory'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|victory]] in battle or war.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(capitalized)'' The goddess Victory; a statue of her.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Victory or success in a legal, political or other contest.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vinco|alt=vincō]]

+ * [[victor]]

+ * [[en|victory]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}