vigilo Latin · revision 4212

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la vigil}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪ.ɡɪ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.d͡ʒi.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vigilō''' (present infinitive vigilāre, perfect active vigilāvī, supine vigilātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a verb formed from [[vigil]] “awake, watchful”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Wiktionary takes ''vigil'' back to [[itc-pro|*weglis]], from [[ine-pro|*weǵ-|t=to be strong, lively]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius in the Annals has some men lying in ambush and keeping awake while others rest, and Plautus has a man dreaming while awake.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to stay awake, often for work or nightly pursuits, and to be awake after sleep, as in the Plautine call ''vigilā'' “wake up!”.^(OLD 2012) Cicero says he stayed awake until late at night.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) With an object it meant to spend time awake on a task, and Gellius speaks of ''vigiliās vigilāre'' “to keep watches”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it was to be watchful or alert, as in the Plautine ''vigilandum est semper''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Its present participle ''vigilāns'' gave English ''vigilant'' in the late 15th century, and through Spanish ''vigilante'' English ''vigilante'' in 1856.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of men keeping awake in ambush.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of waking up and of being watchful.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius writes of keeping watches.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English ''vigilant'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1856 – English ''vigilante'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stay awake, keep watch at night.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To be awake, wake up.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To spend time awake on a task; to make while watching.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be [[m|en|watchful]], [[m|en|vigilant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[advigilō]]

+ * [[ēvigilō]]

+ * [[invigilō]]

+ * [[pervigilō]]

+ * [[vigilāns]]

+ * [[vigilanter]]

+ * [[vigilantia]]

+ * [[vigilātē]]

+ * [[vigilātiō]]

+ * [[vigilāx]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigil]]

+ * [[vigilia]]

+ * [[vigiliārium]]

+ * [[en|vigil]]

+ * [[en|vigilant]]

+ * [[en|vigilante]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}