typus Latin · revision 4211

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Cicero|origins=grc τύπτω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈty.pʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtiː.pus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''typus''' ''m'' (genitive typī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|τύπος|tr=túpos|t=blow, impression, figure]],^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874) from [[m|grc|τύπτω|tr=túptō|t=to strike, beat]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The OLD also gives the Greek spelling [[m|la|typos]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero, in a letter to Atticus, asks him for reliefs to set into the plaster of a small hall.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a figure or image on a wall, a bas-relief, as in Cicero and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The land surveyors used it of a ground plan.^(OLD 2012) In medical writers such as Caelius Aurelianus it was the type or phase of an intermittent fever.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Christian and medieval writers used it of a symbol, a mystical figure or prefiguration.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) In New Latin it meant a coin die and printing type, and the plural ''typī'' a printing house; in zoology it marks the type species.^(Wiktionary) English ''type'' is recorded in the late 15th century as a symbol or emblem.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of reliefs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a figure.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 5th century AD – Caelius Aurelianus uses it of the type of a fever.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|type]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A figure, image; a [[m|en|bas-relief]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(surveying)'' A ground plan.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' The [[m|en|type]] or character of an intermittent fever.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A symbol, mystical figure, prefiguration.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' A coin die; printing type; in the plural, a printing house.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[typicus]]

+ * [[typoglypta]]

+ * [[typographia]]

+ * [[typographicus]]

+ * [[typographus]]

+ * [[en|type]]

+ * [[en|typical]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In the sense of a periodic fever it is also a spelling of [[typhus]], from Greek [[grc|τῦφος|tr=tûphos|t=fever, stupor]].^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}