surgery English · revision 4196

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1300|origins=grc χειρουργία}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈsɜː.dʒər.i/, US /ˈsɝː.dʒɚ.i/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|sirgirie]], surgerie,^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) [[bor|fro|surgerie]], a contraction of serurgerie, cirurgerie,^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024) from serurgien “surgeon”,^(SOED 2002)^(COED 2004) ultimately from Latin chīrūrgia,^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) from [[grc|χειρουργία|tr=kheirourgía|t=surgery, handiwork]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) from kheirourgós “working or done by hand”, from [[m|grc|χείρ|tr=kheír|t=hand]] and érgon “work”.^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[surgeon]] and [[chiropractor]].^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The work of a surgeon, medical treatment by operation, such as cutting and setting fractures: about 1300 in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) the 14th century in the OED and Merriam-Webster.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Figurative uses are from 1628.^(OED 1989) In Britain, a room where a doctor receives patients is a surgery by 1846,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) which led to the session at which a Member of Parliament or councillor meets constituents, by 1951,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) later extended to other free consultations with lawyers or accountants (1973).^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) In mathematics, the topological alteration of manifolds is surgery from 1961.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1300 – surgical treatment.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1628 – figuratively.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1846 – a doctor's consulting room.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1951 – an MP's surgery.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1961 – in mathematics.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The branch of [[medicine]] that treats injury, deformity and disease by operating with the hands or instruments.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A surgical [[operation]] or procedure.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An operating room or a surgeon's work.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(British)'' A doctor's or dentist's consulting room, or the hours when patients are seen.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(British)'' A session at which a member of parliament or councillor meets constituents.^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[surgeon]]

+ * [[radiosurgery]]

+ * [[presurgery]]

+ * [[surgical]]

+ * [[chemosurgery]]

+ * [[cryosurgery]]

+ * [[electrosurgery]]

+ * [[microsurgery]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chiropractor]]

+ * [[organ]]

+ * [[work]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}