mandragoras Latin · revision 4187
15 Oct 2026, 21:12 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Celsus|origins=grc μανδραγόρας}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [manˈdra.ɡɔ.raːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [manˈdraː.ɡo.ras]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''mandragorās''' ''m'' (genitive mandragorae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|μανδραγόρας|tr=mandragóras|t=mandrake]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Wiktionary thinks the Greek word is probably from a Pre-Greek substrate, or possibly from Persian, and Etymonline calls it probably non-Indo-European.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) A feminine [[mandragora]] is also found, as in the Vulgate.^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Celsus prescribes its root and its fruit.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Celsus 14–37 AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was the mandrake, used in medicine especially as a soporific, in Celsus, Columella and Pliny, who describes its use as a plaster.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Apuleius and the jurist Marcian also mention it.^(TLL) The Vulgate uses the feminine in Genesis.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ Medieval British writers used it of the mandrake as a plant shaped like a man, as a soporific and as an aphrodisiac.^(DMLBS) Late Old English and Middle English had the word in its Latin form, and English ''mandrake'' is recorded in the early 14th century, reshaped by folk etymology.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it in medicine.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1st century AD – Columella mentions it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder describes it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''mandrake'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The [[m|en|mandrake]], a plant used as a [[m|en|soporific]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|mandrake]]
+ * [[en|mandragora]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}