cholera Latin · revision 4167

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Celsus|origins=grc χολέρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʰɔ.ɫɛ.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔː.le.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cholera''' ''f'' (genitive cholerae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|χολέρα|tr=choléra|t=a bilious disease]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word is from [[m|grc|χολή|tr=kholḗ|t=bile]].^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010) Celsus explains that the Greeks named the disease after the bile that bursts out above and below.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Celsus describes it as a disease of the stomach and intestines with diarrhoea, vomiting and cramps.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Celsus 14–37 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a bilious disease with vomiting and diarrhoea, European or summer cholera, and an attack of it, in Celsus, Scribonius Largus and Pliny.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Lewis & Short gloss it as jaundice.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lampridius uses it of bile itself.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Isidore of Seville explains it as an outpouring of bile.^(TLL) In medieval Latin it meant bile, one of the four humours, the disease, and also anger or rage, the sense that gave [[fr|colère]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)^(Wiktionary) English ''cholera'' is recorded in the late 14th century for bile or melancholy, at first the same word as ''choler''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus describes the disease.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville explains its name.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''cholera'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|cholera]], a disease with vomiting and diarrhoea; an attack of it.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|bile]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|anger]], rage.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cholericus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|cholera]]

+ * [[en|choler]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}