compenso Latin · revision 4152

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la pendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔmˈpẽː.soː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [komˈpɛn.so]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''compēnsō''' (present infinitive compēnsāre, perfect active compēnsāvī, supine compēnsātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|pēnsō|t2=to weigh]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ''Pēnsō'' is a frequentative of [[pendo|alt=pendō]] “to weigh”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero quotes Cato's saying that money is saved by walking, and in the Republic says he would easily make up for the trouble of all injuries.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic idea is weighing several things against one another, and in business language to balance one item against another.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) It meant to make good or offset a debt, a sense common in the jurists, and to counterbalance or make up for a lack.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to weigh mentally, to save at the cost of something else, and in Seneca and Lucan to avoid a long way by a short cut.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it of weighing and estimating, of rewarding merit and of making amends.^(MLW) English ''compensate'' is recorded from the 1640s, and ''recompense'' about 1400 from the Medieval Latin compound ''recompensare''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of offsetting and of saving.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a short cut.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of offsetting a sum.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''recompense'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1640s – English ''compensate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To balance, offset (a debt or item).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To counterbalance, make up for, [[m|en|compensate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To weigh mentally (against).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To save or obtain at the cost of something else.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To avoid by a [[m|en|short cut]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compēnsātiō]]

+ * [[compēnsātīvus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[penso]]

+ * [[en|compensate]]

+ * [[en|recompense]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}