finalis Latin · revision 4131
15 Oct 2026, 21:12 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Apuleius|origins=la fīnis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [fiːˈnaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fiˈnaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''fīnālis''' (neuter fīnāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|fīnis|-ālis|t1=end, boundary]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Apuleius.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates him about 125–175 AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The TLL says it belongs to later Latin, and Lewis & Short call it post-classical.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It first meant concerned with boundaries, as the jurists' boundary disputes, and Macrobius and Chalcidius call the horizon the ''circulus finalis'', the bounding circle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)
+
+ It also meant at the end, final: grammarians speak of the final letter or syllable, Augustine of final happiness, and Donatus of what is decisive.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Medieval Latin used it of what is ultimate, of the last syllable, of boundaries and of land belonging to an estate.^(MLW)^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''final'' came from Old French and Late Latin in the early 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1st half of the 5th century AD – Macrobius calls the horizon ''circulus finalis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine speaks of final happiness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''final'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of or concerning boundaries.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Bounding, ''circulus finalis'', the [[m|en|horizon]].^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Of the end, [[m|en|final]], last; decisive.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[fīnālitās]]
+ * [[rīvifīnālis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[fīniēns]]
+ * [[fīniō]]
+ * [[fīnis]]
+ * [[fīnitimus]]
+ * [[fīnītiō]]
+ * [[fīnītīvus]]
+ * [[fīnītor]]
+ * [[fīnītus]]
+ * [[en|final]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}