functio Latin · revision 4130

15 Oct 2026, 21:12 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la fungor}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfuːŋk.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfuŋk.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''fūnctiō''' ''f'' (genitive fūnctiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|fungor|-tiō|t1=to perform, discharge]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Cicero, in the Tusculan Disputations, defines labour as a certain performance of a heavy task of mind or body.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the performance or discharge of a task or duty, as Cicero's performance of a public service, and Lewis & Short call it Ciceronian but very rare.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The jurists speak of things that ''functionem recipiunt'', that is, fungible goods, and Arnobius uses it of the end of life, death.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913)
+ 
+ In late imperial law it was the discharge of public burdens and the payment of taxes, as in the Codes.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) In medieval Latin it meant a state levy of services, transport or goods, and an office or duty.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(MLW)^(DMLBS) English ''function'' came from French and Latin in the 1530s, for one's proper work or purpose.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the performance of a task.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 297–310 AD – Arnobius uses it of death.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 528–534 AD – The Code of Justinian uses it of public duties.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1530s – English ''function'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Performance, execution, discharge (of a task or duty).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(law)'' ''res quae functionem recipiunt'', fungible things.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Death.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913)
+ # ''(Late Latin)'' The payment of a tax; a public burden.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An office, [[m|en|function]].^(MLW)^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[fungor]]
+ * [[en|function]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}