gubernator Latin · revision 4128

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=grc κυβερνάω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡʊ.bɛrˈnaː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ɡu.berˈnaː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gubernātor''' ''m'' (genitive gubernātōris, feminine gubernātrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|gubernō|-tor|t1=to steer]], an agent noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Gubernō'' is [[bor|grc|κυβερνάω|tr=kubernáō|t=to steer]].^(Wiktionary) Saalfeld compares [[grc|κυβερνήτης|tr=kubernḗtēs|t=helmsman]].^(Saalfeld 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius, in the Annals, uses it of a charioteer who turned his horses.^(Georges 1913) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense was the helmsman or pilot of a ship, as in Plautus' “if you are the look-out of this ship, I will be the helmsman” and Cicero's helmsman sitting quietly in the stern holding the tiller.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar speaks of the knowledge of pilots, and Quintilian of good and bad ones.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Figuratively it was a guide or ruler, as Cicero's ''gubernator civitatis'', the pilot of the state.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) In medieval Latin it meant a director, administrator or ruler, also a protector and guardian.^(MLW)^(Köbler 2010) English ''governor'' came from Old French and Latin about 1300, first of a keeper or guide.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a charioteer.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a helmsman.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the pilot of the state.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''governor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|helmsman]], [[m|en|pilot]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A guide, ruler, [[m|en|governor]].^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An administrator; a guardian.^(MLW)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[progubernator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gubernātrīx]]

+ * [[guberno]]

+ * [[en|governor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}