criminalis Latin · revision 4092

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Scaevola|origins=la crīmen}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kriː.mɪˈnaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kri.miˈnaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crīminālis''' (neuter crīmināle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|crīmen|-ālis|t1=charge, crime]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The jurist Scaevola, quoted in the Digest, contrasts an inquiry in a civil matter with one in a criminal matter.^(TLL) It is a word of the legal writers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a word of the jurists: criminal as opposed to civil, of cases and accusations, and the adverb ''crīminaliter'' “by criminal process”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The Theodosian Code and the Code of Justinian use it of criminal cases, and Sidonius and the Burgundian law also have it.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was used of criminal law and penalties, of capital offences, and in Christian Latin of mortal sin.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(MLW)^(DMLBS) English ''criminal'' is recorded about 1400 as “sinful” and in the legal sense from the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 315 AD – A law of 315 in the Theodosian Code uses it.^(TLL)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''criminal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(law)'' [[m|en|criminal]], as opposed to [[m|en|civil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Capital; punishable.^(MLW)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Mortally [[m|en|sinful]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crimen]]

+ * [[en|criminal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}