cynicus Latin · revision 4091

15 Oct 2026, 21:07 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus|origins=grc κυνικός}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈky.nɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiː.ni.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cynicus''' (feminine cynica, neuter cynicum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|κυνικός|tr=kunikós|t=dog-like, Cynic]], from [[m|grc|κύων|tr=kúōn|t=dog]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Saalfeld 1874)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus speaks of the Cynic tribe, and Cicero uses the noun of the Cynic philosophers.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus about 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As a noun it was a Cynic philosopher, in Cicero, Horace and Juvenal, who calls the tub of Diogenes the jars of the naked Cynics.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) As an adjective it meant of Cynic philosophy, as Tacitus' teacher of the Cynic school, and Petronius' Cynic dinner, a meagre meal.^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012) Varro's Menippean Satires were called ''saturae cynicae''.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ It also kept the literal sense “canine”: Celsus gives the Greek name of a facial spasm, Pliny uses ''spasticus cynicus'' of one who suffers from it, and Chalcidius has a dog year.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Medieval Latin used it of a heretic or sinner and of a malicious slanderer, and also of a keeper of hounds.^(Köbler 2010)^(DMLBS) English ''cynic'' is recorded in the 1550s.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus mentions the Cynic tribe.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the Cynic philosophers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus names a facial spasm with it.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus mentions a teacher of the Cynic school.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1550s – English ''cynic'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of the [[m|en|Cynic]] philosophy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Canine, ''spasticus cynicus'', one with a facial [[m|en|spasm]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Malicious, slanderous.^(DMLBS)^(MLW)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # A Cynic philosopher.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|cynic]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}