saccus Latin · revision 4029
15 Oct 2026, 20:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus|origins=grc σάκκος}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsak.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsak.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''saccus''' ''m'' (genitive saccī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|σάκκος|tr=sákkos|t=coarse haircloth; sack, bag]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Plautus (c. 250–184 BC).^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a large bag or sack, as Cicero's sacks requisitioned with corn and hides by Verres and Phaedrus' mule with sacks swollen with barley.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also meant a moneybag, as in Horace, and a strainer for wine or snow-water, as in Pliny and Martial.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Christian Latin it was a garment of sackcloth, a hair shirt.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976) In medieval Latin it also meant the public treasury and a woolsack.^(Niermeyer 1976) Isidore derived it from ''sagum'', “cloak”.^(Isidore) Romance kept it, as French [[m|fr|sac]], and French ''mettre à sac'', “to put in a bag”, gave English ''sack'' “to plunder” in the 1540s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sacks for grain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a moneybag.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a strainer.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1540s – English ''sack'' “plunder” is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|sack]], bag.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A moneybag, [[m|en|purse]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A strainer, filter.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ # ''(Christian Latin)'' [[m|en|Sackcloth]], a hair shirt.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The public treasury; a woolsack.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[saccārius]]
+ * [[saccellus]]
+ * [[sacceus]]
+ * [[saccīnus]]
+ * [[saccipērium]]
+ * [[saccō]]
+ * [[sacculus]]
+ * [[bisaccium]]
+ * [[saccibuccis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[saccātum]]
+ * [[saccellātiō]]
+ * [[sacculārius]]
+ * [[en|sack]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}