arrogant English · revision 39973

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1405, Chaucer|origins=la rogō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * UK: /ˈæɹəɡənt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|arrogaunt]],^(AHD 2024) [[bor|fro|arrogant]], and partly directly [[bor|la|arrogāns|t=insolent, overbearing, conceited]],^(OED 2026)^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024) the present participle of [[m|la|arrogō|t=to claim for oneself]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2024)^(Klein 1966)^(Ayto 2005) the source of [[arrogate]].^(AHD 2024)^(ODE 2010) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|ad|t=to]] and [[m|la|rogō|t=to ask, entreat]],^(Etymonline)^(Ayto 2005) as in [[interrogate]];^(Ayto 2005) Etymonline takes the verb as a figurative use of a word meaning "to stretch out the hand", from [[ine-pro|*reg-|t=to move in a straight line]].^(Etymonline) The adjective is recorded in Old French from the 13th century,^(OED 2026) and Old Occitan and Spanish have it too.^(OED 2026) Johnson derived it straight from Latin.^(Johnson 1755)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Of a person, having too high an opinion of their own importance or abilities: the OED's first quotation is from Chaucer's ''Parson's Tale'', in a manuscript of about 1405.^(OED 2026) Etymonline dates the word to the late 14th century,^(Etymonline) and Dictionary.com to 1350–1400.^(Dictionary.com 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Etymologically, according to Ayto, to be arrogant is to make great claims about oneself; the Latin participle already meant "overbearing".^(Ayto 2005) The use for an act, remark or assumption that shows arrogance follows in Bokenham's saints' lives (before 1460),^(OED 2026) and the noun, an arrogant person, in Caxton (1489).^(OED 2026) Johnson (1755) defined the word as "given to make exorbitant claims; haughty; proud".^(Johnson 1755) In Surrey dialect it could mean fierce or savage, of an animal.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1405 – of a person, presumptuous, haughty.^(OED 2026)

+ * a1460 – of an act or remark, showing arrogance.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1489 – noun, an arrogant person.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1755 – Johnson: "given to make exorbitant claims".^(Johnson 1755)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having an inflated sense of one's own importance or abilities and showing it in an overbearing, [[haughty]] way: ''The arrogant manager never listened to anyone.''^(Collins 2023)^(MWU 2024)^(OED 2026)

+ # Showing or coming from such an attitude: ''an arrogant reply''.^(OED 2026)^(MWU 2024)^(Collins 2023)

+ # (dialect, Surrey) Of an animal, fierce, savage.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrogantly]]

+ * [[superarrogant]]

+ * [[unarrogant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arrogance]]

+ * [[arrogate]]

+ * [[interrogate]]

+ * [[prerogative]]

+ * [[rogation]]

+ * [[haughty]]

+ * [[proud]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}