disciplinary English · revision 39884

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c1487, J. Skelton|origins=la discō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * UK: /ˌdɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * US: /ˈdɪs.ə.pləˌnɛɹi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-med|disciplinarius]],^(OED 2026)^(Etymonline)^(ODE 2010)^(SOED 2002)^(Klein 1966) recorded in British sources from the 12th century in the senses "educated" and "educational",^(OED 2026) formed on [[m|la|disciplīna|t=instruction, teaching; military discipline]], the source of [[discipline]], with the suffix that became [[-ary]].^(OED 2026)^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) The Latin noun comes from [[m|la|discipulus|t=learner]], the source of [[disciple]].^(ODE 2010) Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com analyse it as an English formation from ''discipline'' and ''-ary''.^(MWU 2024)^(Dictionary.com 2016) The OED compares [[m|frm|disciplinaire]].^(OED 2026)^(Klein 1966)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OED's first quotations, from John Skelton's translation of Diodorus Siculus (about 1487), use it both of learning and of rules of conduct, especially church discipline;^(OED 2026)^(SOED 2002) the Oxford Dictionary of English also says it first referred to ecclesiastical order in the late 15th century.^(ODE 2010) Etymonline dates it to the 1590s,^(Etymonline) Merriam-Webster to 1598^(MWU 2024) and Dictionary.com to 1575–85.^(Dictionary.com 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 1590s it was applied to the ''Disciplinarians'', the Puritans who wanted a presbyterian church order.^(OED 2026) Johnson (1755) still gave the sense "relating to a regular course of education", quoting Milton.^(Johnson 1755) The modern sense, concerned with enforcing rules and correcting breaches of them, dates from 1598,^(OED 2026)^(MWU 2024) and was applied to a person given to enforcing discipline from 1599.^(OED 2026) From 1832 an offence could be called ''disciplinary'' when it deserved punishment under an institution's rules.^(OED 2026) A new academic sense, relating to a branch of learning, appeared in 1931.^(OED 2026)^(Collins 2023) The noun, a disciplinary hearing, is originally American and dates from 1969.^(OED 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c1487 – relating to learning; relating to church discipline.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1591 – of the Disciplinarians (obsolete).^(OED 2026)

+ * 1598 – concerned with enforcing discipline.^(OED 2026)^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1832 – of an offence, deserving punishment.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1931 – relating to a branch of learning.^(OED 2026)

+ * 1969 – noun, a disciplinary hearing (originally US).^(OED 2026)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to [[discipline]] or to the [[punishment]] of those who break rules: ''The club took disciplinary action against two players.''^(Collins 2023)^(MWU 2024)^(OED 2026)

+ # Relating to a branch of [[learning]] or [[academic]] field: ''research that crosses disciplinary boundaries''.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 2026)

+ # Strict in enforcing discipline.^(MWU 2024)^(OED 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # (chiefly US) A formal hearing or [[procedure]] to examine and [[censure]] the conduct of an employee or member.^(OED 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disciplinarily]]

+ * [[disciplinarity]]

+ * [[cross-disciplinary]]

+ * [[disciplinarian]]

+ * [[interdisciplinary]]

+ * [[multidisciplinary]]

+ * [[nondisciplinary]]

+ * [[transdisciplinary]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[discipline]]

+ * [[disciple]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}