iniuria Latin · revision 3968

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂oi-u}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈjuː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈjuː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iniūria''' ''f'' (genitive iniūriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[in-]] “not”, [[ius|alt=iūs]] “law, right” and [[m|la|-ia]], or from the adjective [[iniurius|alt=iniūrius]] “unjust”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Iūs'' is [[m|itc-pro|*jowos|t=oath, law]], which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*h₂oi-u|t=vital force, eternity]].^(de Vaan 2008) An old spelling [[m|la|iniourias]] appears in an inscription.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has a man standing “bound by the greatest injustice”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant unlawful conduct as opposed to ''ius'', and unjust treatment, a wrong.^(OLD 2012) The ablative ''iniuria'' meant “unjustly”, as Plautus' “you divided it unjustly”.^(OLD 2012) In law it was any act meant to insult or outrage a person, and it also meant loss inflicted on someone's estate or rights, and physical injury, as Livy's brawl with more shouting than harm.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Lewis & Short quote the definition that it is so called because it is not done by right (''non iure'').^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore defines it as injustice, one who dares something against the order of law.^(Isidore) In medieval Latin it meant an assault and the fine for it.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''injury'' was borrowed in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of injustice and as an adverb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero distinguishes ''ius'' and ''iniuria''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of bodily harm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''injury'' is borrowed.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Unlawful conduct, [[m|en|injustice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A wrong, an injury, offence.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(ablative as adverb)'' Unjustly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' An [[m|en|insult]], outrage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Loss, damage (to one's estate or rights).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Bodily harm, [[m|en|injury]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An [[m|en|assault]]; a fine for assault.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iniūriōsus]]

+ * [[iniūrior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ius]]

+ * [[en|injury]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''contumelia'' is a wrong done to someone's honour and ''iniuria'' a violation of their rights; a blow is an ''iniuria'' as bodily harm and a ''contumelia'' as a disgrace.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}