libertinus Latin · revision 3959

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁leudʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [liː.bɛrˈtiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [li.berˈtiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lībertīnus''' (feminine lībertīna, neuter lībertīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lībertus|-īnus|t1=freedman]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL notes that it first meant the son of a freedman.^(TLL) ''Lībertus'' is from [[liber|alt=līber]] “free”, from [[itc-pro|*leuþ-ero-]], [[ine-pro|*h₁leudʰ-ero-]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “so part of them are freedmen”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a freedman with regard to his social and legal status, and as an adjective of freedman status, as Cicero's ''libertinus homo'' and Suetonius' soldiers recruited from freedmen.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The OLD quotes a writer who says that in the time of Appius Claudius ''libertini'' meant the sons of freedmen.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says ''libertus'' is the freedman with reference to his master, ''libertinus'' with reference to his rank, as opposed to the freeborn.^(Döderlein 1874) Köbler also records the sense of a dissolute fellow.^(Köbler 2010) English ''libertine'' was borrowed in the late 14th century, first meaning a freedman.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''libertinus homo''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of soldiers recruited from freedmen.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''libertine'' is borrowed.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|freedman]] (by status).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The son of a freedman.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A dissolute fellow.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a freedman, of freedman status.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lībertīna]]

+ * [[lībertīnitās]]

+ * [[libertinium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[libertus]]

+ * [[en|libertine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts ''libertus'', a freedman in relation to his former master, with ''libertinus'', a freedman in relation to the free citizens.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}