medicina Latin · revision 3940

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *med-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [mɛ.dɪˈkiː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [me.diˈt͡ʃiː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''medicīna''' ''f'' (genitive medicīnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine of the adjective [[medicinus|alt=medicīnus]] “of healing”, used as a noun with [[ars]] understood.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The adjective is formed from [[medicus]] “doctor”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) ''Medicus'' belongs with [[medeor]] “to heal”, which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*med-ē-]], [[ine-pro|*med-|t=to measure]], through a shift from “measure” to “dispense a cure”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has a man who searched “in the surgeries, in the barbers' shops, at all the temples”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the art of healing, as Cicero's ''medicinam exercere'' “to practise medicine”, the giving of drugs, as in Cato's warning that the Greeks had sworn to kill all barbarians with medicine, and in Plautus a doctor's surgery.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant a remedy or cure, as Cicero's “the remedy is weaker than the disease”, a treatment to improve things, and a cure for troubles of the mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Isidore defines medicine as what protects or restores the body's health, its matter being diseases and wounds.^(Isidore) English ''medicine'' came from it through Old French around 1200.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a doctor's surgery.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of dosing with drugs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the art of healing and of remedies.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''medicine'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The art of healing, [[m|en|medicine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Dosing with drugs.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A doctor's surgery, [[m|en|clinic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|remedy]], cure.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A remedy (for faults of things or of the mind).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[medicīnālis]]

+ * [[mulomedicina]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[medicus]]

+ * [[medeor]]

+ * [[en|medicine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''mederi'' is healing as the physician's act, while ''sanare'' is the effect of the medicine.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}