militaris Latin · revision 3939

15 Oct 2026, 20:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la mīles}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [miː.lɪˈtaː.rɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [mi.liˈtaː.ris]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''mīlitāris''' (neuter mīlitāre, adverb mīlitāriter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|mīles|-āris|t1=soldier]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan finds the first part of ''mīles'' unclear, though it is tempting to connect it with [[mille|alt=mīlia]] “thousands”, as one who goes with a thousand.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus speaks of ''militaris disciplina'', military discipline, and of officers' sons as ''militares pueri''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of the army, its customs and activities, as Cicero's military laws and Caesar's ''res militaris'' “the art of war”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of age it meant fit for service, as Sallust's “you who are of military age”, and of persons serving and experienced, as Sallust's ''homo militaris'', a seasoned soldier.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ As a noun it meant a soldier, in Curtius.^(Köbler 2010) In medieval Latin it meant knightly, ''homo militaris'' a knight, ''militaris ordo'' knighthood, and a knight's fief.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) English ''military'' was borrowed in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of military discipline.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses ''res militaris''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of military age and of a seasoned soldier.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1st century AD – Curtius uses it as a noun.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''military'' is borrowed.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|Military]], of the army or of war.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Of military age.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Serving as a soldier; experienced in war.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of a soldier or soldiers.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of a [[m|en|knight]], knightly.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # A soldier, ''(Medieval Latin)'' a knight.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[mīlitāria]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[mīles]]
+ * [[mīlitāriter]]
+ * [[mīlitia]]
+ * [[mīlitō]]
+ * [[en|military]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}