clinica Italian · revision 39371

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1564, Lodovico Domenichi (form clinice)|origins=grc κλίνω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkli.ni.ka/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clinica''' ''f'' (plural cliniche)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|clinique]], from [[la|clīnicē|t=clinical medicine]] and the related [[m|la|clīnicus|t=physician who visits the bedridden]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Latin words come from [[grc|κλινική|tr=klinikḗ]], short for a phrase with [[m|grc|τέχνη|tr=tékhnē|t=art]] meaning “the art of treating those in bed”, and, from [[m|grc|κλινικός|tr=klinikós|t=of the sickbed]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968|98)^(OLD 2012) They are derived from [[m|grc|κλίνη|tr=klínē|t=bed]], from [[m|grc|κλίνω|tr=klínō|t=to bend, lean]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The French noun is recorded from the early 17th century and the French adjective from 1696.^(DELI 1999) GRADIT treats the Italian noun as derived from the adjective [[clinico]], with the French word for comparison.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word first appears in its Latin shape, ''clinice'', in Lodovico Domenichi's translation of Pliny, before 1564: ''questa medicina, che si chiama clinice'' (“this medicine, which is called clinice”).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|3, 229) The form ''clinica'' is recorded in 1818 for a hospital section run by a clinician, in Giovanni Rasori, and in 1820 for the branch of medicine.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 19th century the word meant medicine taught and practised at the patient's bedside, and the place where patients were treated for that teaching.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI|3, 229) Boccardo describes public lectures called ''cliniche'' given beside the sick for medical students.^(GDLI|3, 229)

+

+ Its commonest modern sense is a private nursing home or hospital, besides the university clinic.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) It is also used for a veterinary surgery and, figuratively, for a workshop that repairs some kind of object.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003) The adjective ''clinico'' is recorded in 1750, and the noun ''clinico'' “clinician” in 1814.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1564 – Domenichi uses the Latin form ''clinice''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Early 17th century – French ''clinique'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1750 – The adjective ''clinico'' appears in Antonio Cocchi.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1814 – ''Clinico'' “clinician” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1818 – Giovanni Rasori uses ''clinica'' for a hospital section.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1820 – ''Clinica'' is recorded for the branch of medicine.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(medicine)'' The branch of medicine based on the direct study and treatment of the individual patient, from diagnosis to therapy: ''Ha scelto di specializzarsi in clinica pediatrica.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A university hospital department where a branch of clinical medicine is taught: ''Lo hanno operato alla clinica ortopedica dell'università.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A [[m|en|clinic]], especially a private [[m|en|nursing home]]: ''Mia sorella ha partorito in una clinica privata.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A veterinary surgery.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A workshop that repairs a particular kind of object.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[clinico]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fr|clinique]]

+ * [[la|clinicus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}