augurio Italian · revision 39365

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1292, Bono Giamboni|origins=la augur}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /awˈɡu.rjo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''augurio''' ''m'' (plural auguri)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include [[roa-oit|agurio]], [[roa-oit|auguro]] and [[roa-oit|aurio]].^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GDLI|1, 843) The popular form [[roa-oit|aguro]] is recorded from the 14th century.^(LEI|3, 2302)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|augurium|t=augury; omen]], a learned word, from [[m|la|augur|t=augur]].^(DEI|362)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Isidore of Seville explained the Latin word as if from “what the birds bring”, a folk etymology the GDLI quotes.^(GDLI|1, 843)

+

+ A spoken variant [[la-vul|agurium]] survives in the Romance languages: [[fr|heur]], [[pro|agur]], [[es|agüero]], [[pt|agouro]] and [[rm|agur]].^(LEI|3, 2302)^(REW 1935) It was also borrowed as [[eu|agur]], a Basque word of greeting.^(DEI|362)^(REW 1935) In Italian the LEI distinguishes the popular [[roa-oit|aguro]], the half-learned [[roa-oit|agurio]] and [[roa-oit|auguro]], and the learned form, the modern word.^(LEI|3, 2302) Wiktionary takes the first of those half-learned forms as the inherited word.^(Wiktionary) The same variant probably lies behind [[sciagurato]], through [[pro|desaugurat]], and behind [[sciagura]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in Bono Giamboni's Florentine translation of Orosius, before 1292, for a prediction drawn from the flight or song of birds.^(TLIO) DELI dates the sense “wish, hope” to Jacopone, before 1306.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the word meant the augurs' prediction and their art, a charm or superstitious practice, any sign of the future, good or bad, and a wish for what is to come.^(TLIO) Petrarch writes: ''Or tristi auguri, e sogni, e penser negri / mi danno assalto'' (“Now sad omens, and dreams, and black thoughts assail me”).^(GDLI|1, 843) Francesco da Buti, before 1406, uses it for the augurs' answer.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In the south, the old popular form survives with a magical sense: Tarantino ''aùru'' and Calabrian ''agureddu'' mean a sprite or goblin, and the LEI also records the sense “nightmare”.^(DEI|362)^(LEI|3, 2302) The plural ''auguri'' as a formula of courtesy for holidays and birthdays is recorded from 1679, in Paolo Segneri.^(DELI 1999) A person who foretells disaster is an ''uccello del malaugurio'', a “bird of ill omen”.^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses ''augurio'' in his translation of Orosius.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1306 – Jacopone uses it for a wish or hope.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1406 – Francesco da Buti uses it for the augurs' answer.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1679 – Paolo Segneri uses the plural for greetings.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wish]] that something good happens to someone: ''Accetta il mio augurio per il nuovo lavoro.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # In the plural, [[m|en|greetings]]: the formula used on holidays, birthdays and other occasions: ''Tanti auguri!''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # In the plural, a greetings card: ''Non ho ancora spedito gli auguri a mia zia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # An [[m|en|omen]], presage: ''essere di buon augurio'', to be a good sign.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(literary)'' A presentiment.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(historical)'' The rite by which the Roman augurs drew omens; the omen itself.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[malaugurio]]

+ * [[auguroso]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[augurale]]

+ * [[augurare]]

+ * [[augure]]

+ * [[sciagura]]

+ * [[la|augurium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}