avvertire Italian · revision 39360

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=1282, Restoro d'Arezzo|origins=la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /av.verˈti.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''avvertire''' (first-person singular present avvèrto, first-person singular past historic avvertìi, past participle avvertìto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also has [[m|roa-oit|avertire]] and [[m|roa-oit|avèrtare]].^(TLIO)

+ In the dialects it is [[vec|avertir]] in Venetian, [[lmo|vartì]] in Milanese, [[lij|avvertî]] in Genoese and [[scn|avvertìri]] in Sicilian.^(LEI|1, 932)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*advertiō|alt=*advertīre]], a remodelling of [[la|advertō|t=to turn towards]] with a change of conjugation.^(LEI|1, 932)^(DELI 1999) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|ad-|t=to, towards]] and [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020) Its sense comes from the phrase with [[m|la|animus|t=mind]], “to turn the mind towards”, that is, to pay attention or notice; already in Cicero the verb alone could mean this.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|382)

+

+ The LEI and DELI take the Italian word as inherited, continued with the same change of conjugation in [[fr|avertir]], [[rm|avertir]] and [[fur|avertí]].^(LEI|1, 932)^(DELI 1999) Nocentini and Wiktionary treat it as a borrowing from Latin, and DEI calls it semi-learned; the ⟨ad-⟩ spellings of the 15th and 16th centuries are Latinisms.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|382)^(LEI|1, 932) Beside it [[es|advertir]] has the Latin prefix intact.^(Nocentini 2010) The past participle of the Latin verb gave [[avverso]].^(DELI 1999)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the ''Composizione del mondo'' of Restoro d'Arezzo (1282), in Aretine;^(TLIO)^(Zingarelli 2010) Zingarelli gives the same date.^(TLIO)^(Zingarelli 2010) The Old Italian senses are “to turn towards, attract”, “to warn”, “to pay attention, notice” and “to understand”.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to warn, notify” is in Jacopone da Todi from 1306, and DELI quotes it from the 14th-century ''Urbano''.^(LEI|1, 932)^(DELI 1999) The sense “to take care, to consider” ran from the end of the 15th century to Giusti in the 19th, and now survives only in literary use.^(LEI|1, 932)^(GRADIT 2003) The sense “to perceive, feel” is recorded in Bibbiena's ''Calandria'' (1521) and in Annibal Caro, and is today one of the main uses: one ''avverte'' a pain, a noise or tiredness.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|1, 932)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ In modern Italian the warning often carries a threat: ''ti avverto!''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) The present is ''avverto'';^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) ''avvertisco'' is rare or old.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The derivatives ''avvertimento'' (1525, Bembo) and ''avvertenza'' (Machiavelli, 1514–1520) are older in the written record than most of the verb's modern senses.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1282 – Restoro d'Arezzo uses ''avvertire''.^(TLIO)

+ * 1306 – Jacopone da Todi uses it for “to warn, inform”.^(LEI|1, 932)

+ * 1514–1520 – Machiavelli uses ''avvertenza'', caution.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1521 – Bibbiena's ''Calandria'' has the sense “to perceive, understand”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1525 – Bembo uses ''avvertimento''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|inform]], let someone know about something, especially something important: ''Avvertimi quando arrivi in stazione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|warn]], caution; often with a threatening tone: ''Ti avverto: è l'ultima volta che te lo dico.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To [[m|en|perceive]], feel, sense: ''Appena entrato ho avvertito un forte odore di fumo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' To consider carefully; to pay attention.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[avvertenza]]

+ * [[avvertibile]]

+ * [[avvertimento]]

+ * [[preavvertire]]

+ * [[avvertito]]

+ * [[riavvertire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[avverso]]

+ * [[la|adverto]]

+ * [[fr|avertir]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}