tecnologia Italian · revision 39350

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=1821|origins=grc τέχνη, grc λόγος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tek.no.loˈd͡ʒi.a/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tecnologia''' ''f'' (plural tecnologie)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound [[af|it|tecno-|-logia]], on the model of [[grc|τεχνολογία|tr=tekhnología|t=systematic treatment of an art]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) Several dictionaries treat it simply as a learned borrowing of the Greek word, which is formed from [[m|grc|τέχνη|tr=tékhnē|t=art, craft]] and [[m|grc|λόγος|tr=lógos|t=word, discourse]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Devoto 1968)^(GDLI|20, 791) Treccani adds that its more recent senses follow [[en|technology]].^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Bonavilla's dictionary of 1821, which explains the word as a treatise on the arts.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Anton Maria Salvini, who died in 1729, had already used it in a discourse, speaking of “the most obvious little rules of technology”, which is why Zingarelli dates it before 1729.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI|20, 791)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 19th century the word meant the study of the arts and trades and the application of science to them: Tommaseo–Bellini defines it as the discipline that applies physics and mathematics to the arts and crafts, and Pisacane proposed state schools of ''tecnologia'' in the main Italian cities.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI|20, 791) The narrower sense, the study of the processes that turn a raw material into an industrial product, is recorded in 1932, in the ''Enciclopedia italiana''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In the later 20th century it came to mean the tools and techniques themselves, as in ''alta tecnologia'' and ''nuove tecnologie'', the applications of computing and telecommunications.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003) Anthropology uses it for the material means by which a culture lives off its environment.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1729 – Anton Maria Salvini uses ''tecnologia''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GDLI|20, 791)

+ * 1821 – Bonavilla's dictionary records it as “a treatise on the arts”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1879 – GRADIT's date for the first record.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1932 – The ''Enciclopedia italiana'' uses it for the study of industrial processes.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The study of [[m|en|technique]] and its applications, a field of research drawing on several sciences.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # The study and use of the materials, machines and processes needed to turn raw materials into industrial products, or to provide a service: ''tecnologia tessile'', ''tecnologia informatica''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|technology]], the tools and techniques themselves: ''Questa azienda investe molto nelle nuove tecnologie.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A system of methods based on the scientific analysis of a process, especially in education: ''tecnologie dell'insegnamento''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(anthropology)'' The material activities by which a culture settles in and lives off its environment.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(rare)'' Technical terminology.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tecnologico]]

+ * [[tecnologo]]

+ * [[ipertecnologia]]

+ * [[tecnologizzare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tecnica]]

+ * [[tecnico]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}