attirare Italian · revision 39339

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=before 1249, Pier della Vigna|origins=la-vul *tīrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /at.tiˈra.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''attirare''' (first-person singular present attìro, first-person singular past historic attirài, past participle attiràto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|a-|tirare]], with the prefix strengthening the verb.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) DEI compares [[fr|attirer]], and the TLIO derives one Old Italian use, in the “Fiore”, from [[fro|atirer]].^(DEI|356)^(TLIO)

+

+ The base verb comes from [[la-vul|*tīrō|alt=*tirāre]], whose origin is much discussed and in the end unknown.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Nocentini tentatively relates it to [[la|terō|t=to rub, wear away]] and to [[m|la|tīrō|t=recruit]], and rejects a derivation from [[m|la|trahō|t=to draw]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The dating is disputed.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999) The TLIO's first record is in Pier della Vigna, before 1249, in the sense “to draw to oneself”, and Nocentini and Zingarelli also put the word in the 13th century.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Zingarelli 2010) DELI instead takes the first sure record from Anton Maria Salvini (1726): it suspects that the older example in Domenico Cavalca, given by Tommaseo–Bellini, is a misreading, and that ''atira de'' in the ''Tristano'' is the French ''s'atirier de'' “to prepare to”.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) GRADIT and Sabatini–Coletti follow DELI's dating.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in Old Italian the verb had the figurative sense “to acquire, earn”.^(TLIO) Tommaseo–Bellini notes its use in physics, for a body that draws another towards itself, and still found the simple ''tirare'' or ''attrarre'' preferable.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ In modern writers ''attirare'' is used for drawing someone close (Verga, D'Annunzio, Deledda) and for luring people or animals.^(GDLI|1, 553) Its present senses range from the attraction of a magnet to attracting attention, luring someone into a trap, and drawing visitors or customers.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1249 – Pier della Vigna uses ''attirare''.^(TLIO)

+ * 14th century – DEI's date for the word.^(DEI|356)

+ * 1726 – Anton Maria Salvini uses it, the first sure record according to DELI.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|attract]], to draw towards itself by a physical force: ''Il magnete attira la limatura di ferro.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To draw something onto oneself, such as attention or looks: ''Quel cappello rosso attirava gli sguardi di tutti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To [[m|en|lure]] someone somewhere by deceit: ''attirare il nemico in un'imboscata''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To entice buyers or customers.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # To appeal to, tempt someone: ''L'idea di trasferirmi all'estero non mi attira.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # To fascinate, attract a person.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To draw people to a place or an event: ''Il festival attira visitatori da tutta Europa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(attirarsi)'' To bring upon oneself, earn (sympathy, hatred); ''(reciprocal)'' to attract each other.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[riattirare]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tirare]]

+ * [[attrarre]]

+ * [[fr|attirer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}