apparire Italian · revision 39338

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1243, Guido Faba|origins=la pareo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ap.paˈri.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''apparire''' (first-person singular present appàio or apparìsco, first-person singular past historic appàrvi or (less common) apparìi or (ditto) appàrsi, past participle appàrso, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older infinitive ''apparere'' is recorded until Tasso (before 1595).^(Wiktionary)^(LEI|3, 180)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+ Dialect forms include Genoese ''apparî'', Bolognese ''aparir'' and Triestine ''aparir''.^(LEI|3, 180)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|appāreō|alt=appārēre|t=to become visible, appear]], which moved to the conjugation in ⟨-ire⟩.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto 1968)^(Wiktionary) DEI and Prati start instead from the inchoative [[la-lat|*appārēscō|alt=*apparēscere]], and Nocentini explains that the Romance forms continue both.^(DEI|251)^(Prati 1951|61)^(Nocentini 2010) The Latin verb is made of [[m|la|ad-|t=to, at]] and [[m|la|pāreō|t=to appear, be visible]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The Latin verb survives in [[ro|apărea]], Engadine [[m|rm|apparair]], [[fro|aparer]] (whence [[m|fr|appert|t=it is evident]]), [[pro|aparer]], [[m|ca|aparer]] and Campidanese [[m|sc|appárriri]]; the change to ⟨-ire⟩ is shared with [[fur|aparî]] and with [[m|fro|aparir]].^(LEI|3, 180)^(REW 1935) The inchoative lies behind [[fr|apparaître]], [[es|aparecer]] and [[pt|aparecer]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ According to de Vaan, the Latin [[m|la|pāreō]] (whose basic sense in Latin is “to obey”) may come from a root meaning “to see”, comparing [[hy|հայիմ|tr=hayim|t=to look]] and [[sq|pashë|t=I saw]], from [[ine-pro|*peh₂-s-|t=to watch]], with a query.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Bolognese ''Parlamenti'' of Guido Faba, about 1243; the LEI cites Guido Guinizelli, before 1276, for ''aparire'' “to come into sight”.^(TLIO)^(LEI|3, 180) DELI dates the word to Guittone d'Arezzo, before 1294, in the sense “to come into view, be evident”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the early texts the verb stresses a sudden, unexpected sight that holds the attention and causes wonder.^(TLIO)^(GDLI|1, 553) Dante uses it for Beatrice's first appearance in the ''Vita Nuova'' and for her arrival in the ''Purgatorio'': “Donna m'apparve, sotto verde manto” (“a lady appeared to me, beneath a green cloak”).^(GDLI|1, 553)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Old Italian also used it of the stars shining, of daybreak, and of flowers coming out.^(TLIO)

+

+ The verb soon gained the sense “to seem, look”, often opposed to being: Tommaseo–Bellini quotes the proverb ''quel che si fa all'oscuro apparisce al sole'', what is done in the dark comes out in the sun.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(TLIO) The derivatives are old: ''apparenza'' and ''appariscenza'' are in the ''Novellino'', ''apparente'' in Dante (1304–1308), and ''apparizione'' (about 1336, Boccaccio) goes back to Christian Latin ''appāritio'' “Epiphany”, a calque of [[grc|ἐπιφάνεια|tr=epipháneia]].^(DELI 1999) [[sparire]] was formed from the verb by a change of prefix.^(Nocentini 2010) In recent use ''apparire'' alone also means to show off, to seek attention.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1243 – Guido Faba uses the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1276 – Guido Guinizelli uses ''aparire''.^(LEI|3, 180)

+ * Before 1294 – Guittone d'Arezzo uses ''apparire''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses ''apparente''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1336 – Boccaccio uses ''apparizione''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1595 – Tasso still uses the older infinitive ''apparere''.^(LEI|3, 180)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|appear]], to come into sight, especially suddenly: ''Dietro la curva apparve il mare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To appear as a [[m|en|vision]] or in a dream: ''Le apparve in sogno il nonno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of the sun, moon or stars, to rise, come out.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # To [[m|en|seem]], look, with an adjective: ''Al ritorno appariva stanco ma contento.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To be evident, turn out: ''Dai dati appare chiaro che il progetto costa troppo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To show off, seek to be noticed: ''È uno che ama apparire.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[riapparire]]

+ * [[sparire]]

+ * [[apparente]]

+ * [[apparenza]]

+ * [[appariscente]]

+ * [[appariscenza]]

+ * [[apparizione]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[comparire]]

+ * [[parere]]

+ * [[trasparire]]

+ * [[la|appareo]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The present has two series of forms, ''appaio, appari, appare'' and the literary ''apparisco, apparisci, apparisce''; the past historic is ''apparvi'', less often ''apparii'' or ''apparsi'', and the participle ''apparso''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) The verb takes ''essere''.^(Wiktionary)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}