mustum Latin · revision 3933

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la mustus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmʊs.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmus.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mustum''' ''n'' (genitive mustī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of [[mustus]] “new, fresh”, used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Etymonline says it is short for [[m|la|vinum mustum]], “fresh wine”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant grape juice unfermented or only partly fermented, must, as in Cato, Virgil's Georgics and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In the plural ''musta'' meant the vintage, autumn, as in Ovid, and Pliny has ''olei musta'', new oil.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Isidore says it is wine just taken from the vat, and that its ferment is so strong it bursts even large vessels without a vent.^(Isidore) The Romance languages kept it, as Italian [[m|it|mosto]] and French [[m|fr|moût]].^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary) English ''must'' “new wine” comes from it in Old English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it in the Georgics.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses the plural for autumn.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore describes its fermentation.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Must]], new wine, unfermented grape juice.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' The vintage, autumn.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''olei musta'': new oil.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mustārius]]

+ * [[mustax]]

+ * [[musteus]]

+ * [[mustulentus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|must]]

+ * [[en|mustard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}