fattoria Italian · revision 39323

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1309–1310, Siena statutes|origins=la faciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fat.toˈri.a/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fattoria''' ''f'' (plural fattorie)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|fattore|-ia|t1=steward, farm manager]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) [[fattore|alt=Fattore]] is a learned word, [[bor|la|factor|t=maker, doer]], from [[m|la|faciō|t=to make, do]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini notes that the Latin word became common through the Creed, which calls God the maker of heaven and earth, and that in Italian it came to mean the agent who looks after an owner's interests, especially on an estate.^(Nocentini 2010)

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+ The sense “trading post abroad” is not from the Italian word: DEI and Prati take it from [[pt|feitoria]], or from [[fro|factorie]] (1428).^(DEI|1606)^(Prati 1951|427)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first records are in a Sienese statute of 1309–1310, where ''fattoria'' is the charge of managing goods or a business for someone, and in the Tuscan Gospels of the 14th century, with the office of the steward.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|5, 736)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 17th century the word meant an office: the post and duties of a ''fattore'', who ran a merchant's affairs or an estate for its owner.^(TLIO)^(GDLI|5, 736)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) In 1618 Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger uses it for the estate itself, a group of farms under one owner and one steward, and, from there it came to mean the steward's house with its farm buildings and then any farm.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ In the 17th century ''fattoria'' also named the trading posts of European merchants overseas: Porcacchi (1620) writes of a ''casa di fattoria'' kept by the King of Portugal.^(DEI|1606)^(Prati 1951|427) In the 20th century the ''fattoria collettiva'' was a collective farm, and ''nave fattoria'' a whaling factory ship, a mistranslation of English ''factory ship''.^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1309–1310 – A Sienese statute uses ''fattoria'' for a charge of administration.^(TLIO)

+ * 14th century – The Tuscan Gospels use it for the steward's office.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1618 – Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger uses it for a group of farms under one owner.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1620 – Porcacchi uses it for a Portuguese trading post overseas.^(DEI|1606)

+ * 1802 – English records ''fattoria'' for an Italian farmhouse.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|farm]], especially a farming estate made up of several holdings run by one steward: ''Abbiamo passato l'estate in una fattoria in Toscana.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The steward's house and the farm buildings that go with it; a [[m|en|farmhouse]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' The management of an estate; the office of [[fattore]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(history)'' A trading post kept by European merchants in a foreign country.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fattore]]

+ * [[fattorino]]

+ * [[la|factor]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Gli animali della fattoria'' are farm animals.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) After a noun, ''fattoria'' is invariable: ''nave fattoria'', a factory ship.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}