custodia Italian · revision 39319

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=mid-13th century, Miracole de Roma|origins=la custōs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kusˈtɔ.dja/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''custodia''' ''f'' (plural custodie)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|custōdia|t=guard, protection]], a noun formed from [[m|la|custōs|t=guardian]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) DEI and Zingarelli call it a learned word, and Körting notes that the popular Romance words for guarding come instead from a Germanic word.^(DEI|1198)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Körting 1907) Northern place names such as Custoza and Costozza come from it.^(DEI|1198)

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+ The origin of the Latin noun is unknown.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan rejects the common explanation as “one who sits by the hidden thing”, a compound with the root of [[la|sedeō|t=to sit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Roman ''Miracole de Roma'' (mid-13th century), with the sense “watch, protection”.^(TLIO) DELI dates the word to Dino Compagni's chronicle (1310–1312), in the sense “the act of guarding”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian ''custodia'' was the watch kept over persons or things, also the persons who kept it, and a guard or arrest that held someone; in the Franciscan order it was a district governed by a vicar.^(TLIO) The concrete sense “case, container for keeping something” appears at the end of the 15th century, in the jests of the Piovano Arlotto, and in many dialects the word names the tabernacle of a church.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|1198)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ In modern law ''custodia cautelare'' is detention before a final sentence.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GDLI) In football ''avere in custodia'' an opponent is to mark him closely.^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mid-13th century – The ''Miracole de Roma'' use ''custodia'' “protection”.^(TLIO)

+ * 1310–1312 – Dino Compagni uses it for the act of guarding.^(DELI 1999)

+ * End of the 15th century – The Piovano Arlotto uses it for a case.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1984 – A newspaper discusses the new law on ''custodia cautelare''.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of keeping something or someone safe; [[m|en|care]], [[m|en|custody]], safekeeping: ''Ha lasciato le chiavi in custodia al portiere.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The guarding of a person under watch or under [[m|en|arrest]]: ''Il sospettato è stato preso in custodia dalla polizia.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A [[m|en|case]] or cover for keeping an object safe: ''la custodia della chitarra''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(regional)'' The [[m|en|tabernacle]] or ciborium of a church.^(DEI|1198)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[custode]]

+ * [[custodire]]

+ * [[la|custōs]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Agente di custodia'' is a prison guard, and ''custodia cautelare'' detention before trial.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}