reazione Italian · revision 39314

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=before 1348, Jacopo Alighieri|origins=la āctiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /re.atˈt͡sjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reazione''' ''f'' (plural reazioni)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|re-|azione]], as the noun of [[reagire]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011) GRADIT compares the Latin supine [[m|la|reactum]], and Wiktionary gives the source as [[la|reāctiō]], from [[m|la|reagō]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ DEI compares [[fr|réaction]], recorded from the 16th century, and the GDLI points to the French word for one of the modern senses.^(DEI|3216)^(GDLI|15, 619)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Jacopo Alighieri, Dante's son, before 1348: in his ''Dottrinale'' the stars influence things ''senza necessitate'' through their action and its ''reazione''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|15, 619) The sense is the act or effect of reacting, as of a body acted upon.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Vannoccio Biringuccio, before 1537, still introduces the word with an apology: ''una certa reazione'', “a certain reaction, so to speak”.^(DELI 1999) The chemical sense, the change of one or more substances into others, is recorded from 1795.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The political sense grew in the 19th century: in 1855 the word named the efforts to restore an authoritarian system after the revolutions, by 1891 any attitude opposed to progress, and by 1918 the conservative forces themselves.^(DELI 1999) The physical sense comes from the principle of action and reaction, and ''a reazione'' names jet engines and jet planes, recorded from 1914.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DEI|3216) In medicine the word names the body's response to a stimulus, such as a fever or an allergy.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1348 – Jacopo Alighieri uses ''reazione''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1537 – Biringuccio introduces it as an unusual word.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1795 – The chemical sense is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1855 – The political sense “movement to restore an authoritarian order” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1891 – The sense “opposition to progress” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1914 – ''Apparecchio a reazione'', a jet-propelled aircraft, is recorded.^(DEI|3216)

+ * 1918 – The sense “the conservative forces” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|reaction]], the act of reacting and its result; a response to something done or said: ''La sua reazione alla notizia ci ha sorpresi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(politics)'' Opposition to change and progress, aiming to restore an earlier order, and the forces that pursue it: ''la reazione monarchica''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(physics)'' A force equal and opposite to another force acting on a body.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(chemistry)'' The change of one or more substances into others: ''reazione a catena''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(medicine)'' The body's response to an outside [[m|en|stimulus]], and a clinical test that shows it: ''una reazione allergica''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[reazionario]]

+ * [[controreazione]]

+ * [[retroreazione]]

+ * [[reazionismo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[reagire]]

+ * [[azione]]

+ * [[reattore]]

+ * [[reattivo]]

+ * [[fr|réaction]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Motore a reazione'' and ''aereo a reazione'' are the jet engine and the jet plane.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) An old literary form is ''riazione''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}