planet English · revision 3931

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1050|origins=grc πλανήτης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈplæn.ɪt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|planete]], late Old English planete,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) [[bor|fro|planete]] (modern French planète) and directly [[der|la-lat|planēta]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) usually in the plural planētae, replacing older Latin stellae errantes “wandering stars”,^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002) from [[grc|πλανήτης|tr=planḗtēs|t=wanderer]], from (astéres) planêtai “wandering (stars)”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[m|grc|πλανάομαι|tr=planâsthai|t=to wander]], a word of uncertain etymology.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Beekes considers a nasalized form of [[ine-pro|*pele-|t=flat; to spread]], but finds the semantics highly problematic.^(Etymonline) It is related to [[plankton]] and [[planetary]].^(Cresswell 2021)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In old astronomy, a heavenly body with an apparent motion of its own among the fixed stars: about 1050 in the OED,^(OED 1989) late Old English in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The planets were so called because they move, unlike the fixed stars, and the term once included the Sun and Moon but not the Earth.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) In astrology, with reference to their influence on human affairs, it is from about 1290.^(OED 1989) The modern scientific sense, a body orbiting a star, is from the 1630s,^(Etymonline) 1640 in the OED and Barnhart.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) Johnson called them “the erratick or wandering stars”.^(Johnson 1755) ''Planetary'' is from 1593.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – a wandering star.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1290 – in astrology.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1593 – ''planetary''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1640 – a body orbiting the sun.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A large body that revolves around a [[star]], such as the Earth around the Sun.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''The planet'', the Earth.^(MW Collegiate)

+ # In old astronomy, any of the seven heavenly bodies that move among the fixed stars, including the Sun and Moon.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # In astrology, any of these bodies as influencing human affairs.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[planetlike]]

+ * [[interplanetary]]

+ * [[planetarium]]

+ * [[planetary]]

+ * [[planetesimal]]

+ * [[planetoid]]

+ * [[planetology]]

+ * [[planet-stricken]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[planet-struck]]

+ * [[plankton]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare different planet, a chasuble, is from Medieval Latin planeta (1602).^(SOED 2002)^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}