vomitare Italian · revision 39298

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1320|origins=ine-pro *wemh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /vo.miˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vomitare''' (first-person singular present vòmito, first-person singular past historic vomitài, past participle vomitàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|vomitō|t=to vomit]], an intensive of [[m|la|vomō|t=to vomit]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) Nocentini and Zingarelli treat it as a learned word, against the popular [[fr|vomir]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Zingarelli 2010) The Latin verb also lived on in popular forms: Tuscan [[gomitare]], with northern and Friulian forms of the same type.^(REW 1935)^(DEI|4090) There was also [[roa-oit|vomire]] from the simple verb, and [[roa-oit|vomicare]] from [[la-vul|*vomicō]].^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951|1064)

+

+ The Latin verb goes back to [[itc-pro|*weme-]], from [[ine-pro|*wemh₁-|t=to vomit]], with cognates in [[sa|वमिति|tr=vámiti]], [[grc|ἐμέω|tr=eméō]] and [[lt|vemti]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wikizionario)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ GRADIT dates the verb to before 1320, and DELI's first record is the Italian ''Crescenzi'' (about 1350), with the sense “to throw up the contents of the stomach”; the noun ''vomito'' appears in the same text.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in the 14th century the verb was used figuratively, as in Cavalca.^(DEI|4090) From the 17th century it is used for anything thrown out with violence: Paolo Segneri (1673) uses it in this sense, and a volcano or a gun can ''vomitare'' fire.^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010) Figuratively one can ''vomitare'' insults and curses.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ''Vomitare l'anima'' “to throw up one's soul”, to retch violently, is recorded in 1970, and replaced the older ''recere l'anima'' used from Boccaccio to Annibal Caro.^(DELI 1999) The colloquial ''fa vomitare'' says that something is disgusting or very bad.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1320 – GRADIT's first date for ''vomitare''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * About 1350 – The Italian ''Crescenzi'' uses ''vomitare'' and ''vomito''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1673 – Paolo Segneri uses it for throwing out with violence.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1698 – Francesco Redi uses ''vomitativo'' and ''vomitatorio''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1970 – Zingarelli records ''vomitare l'anima''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|vomit]], to throw up the contents of the stomach through the mouth: ''Dopo il giro sulla giostra il bambino ha vomitato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' In ''far vomitare'', to be disgusting or very bad: ''Quel film fa vomitare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To throw out with force, to [[m|en|spew]]: ''Il cratere vomitava cenere.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To pour out insults or angry words.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vomitativo]]

+ * [[vomitatorio]]

+ * [[vomito]]

+ * [[vomitevole]]

+ * [[vomitoso]]

+ * [[vomitorio]]

+ * [[rivomitare]]

+ * [[vomitivo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[emetico]]

+ * [[la|vomō]]

+ * [[fr|vomir]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Vomitare l'anima'' means to retch violently until the stomach is empty.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) An old variant is ''vomicare''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}