disturbare Italian · revision 39296

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1250, Frederick II|origins=la turba}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /dis.turˈba.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''disturbare''' (first-person singular present distùrbo, first-person singular past historic disturbài, past participle disturbàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Earlier forms include [[roa-oit|desturbare]], [[roa-oit|distorbare]] and the northern [[roa-oit|destorbar]].^(TLIO) The verb is [[pms|destorbèr]] in Piedmont, and Old Genoese had a verb meaning “to throw into confusion” of the same origin.^(DEI|1360)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|disturbō|t=to throw into disorder, upset]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|turbō|t=to disturb, confuse]] with the prefix [[m|la|dis-]], which adds the idea of scattering.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968) Prati also classes it as a learned import.^(Prati 1951|384) DEI places the popular outcome in northern Italy and compares [[fro|destorber]], [[pro|destorbar]] and Old Portuguese [[m|pt|destorvar]];^(DEI|1360) Meyer-Lübke adds [[ca|destorbar]] and, with a different prefix, [[es|estorbar]] and [[m|pt|estorvar]].^(REW 1935) The shortened [[sturbare]] belongs to the same Latin verb.^(DEI|1360)^(Prati 1951|384)

+

+ The Latin simple verb comes from [[la|turba|t=turmoil; crowd]], which is probably a loan of [[grc|τύρβη|tr=túrbē|t=disorder, tumult]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan finds the native explanations of the noun formally doubtful.^(de Vaan 2008) The noun [[disturbo]] is a back-formation from the verb, made without a suffix.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in a poem by the Emperor Frederick II, in Tuscan copy, before 1250, with the sense of troubling someone and getting in the way of what they are doing.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the verb for hindering a person in an action or state of mind, for making something hard to carry out or preventing it altogether, and also, more concretely, for moving a thing out of its place or throwing it into disorder.^(TLIO) Boccaccio asks that every accident “able to disturb” (''possibile a disturbare'') the promised return of Panfilo be removed, and Pietro de' Crescenzi's translation says that the bitterness of barren soil hinders the nourishment of seeds.^(GDLI|4, 828)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The reflexive ''disturbarsi'', “to put oneself out, take the trouble”, is first recorded by Tommaseo–Bellini in 1869, and is today mostly used in polite formulas.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) Tommaseo also notes ''non si disturbi'', said ironically to someone whose visit is not wanted.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The noun ''disturbo'' gained a medical sense, a disorder of the body or of one of its organs, in 1623; the verb is also applied to interference in radio and telephone reception.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1250 – Frederick II uses ''disturbare'' in a poem.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses the noun ''disturbo'', “annoyance, trouble”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1472 – ''Disturbatore'' “one who disturbs” is recorded in Leon Battista Alberti.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1623 – ''Disturbo'' is first used of a disorder of the body.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1869 – The reflexive ''disturbarsi'' “to take the trouble” is recorded by Tommaseo–Bellini.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|disturb]], [[m|en|bother]] or annoy someone: ''Ti disturba se apro la finestra?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To interrupt or distract someone from what they are doing, ''disturbo?'' is a polite formula used on entering a room or approaching people who are busy.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To make someone feel physically unwell, or to bother a part of the body: ''Il treno mi disturba sempre lo stomaco.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|disrupt]] or prevent the normal course of something: ''Alcuni ragazzi hanno disturbato la conferenza.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' To upset or throw into turmoil a state or condition.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(telecommunications)'' To cause [[m|en|interference]] in the reception of a signal.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(reflexive, disturbarsi)'' To put oneself out, take the trouble, especially in polite phrases: ''Grazie, ma non dovevate disturbarvi!''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disturbo]]

+ * [[disturbatore]]

+ * [[disturbato]]

+ * [[disturbarsi]]

+ * [[disturbamento]]

+ * [[disturbante]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sturbare]]

+ * [[turbare]]

+ * [[la|turbō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}