ione Italian · revision 39293

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1875, Lessona|origins=grc εἶμι}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ione''' ''m'' (plural ioni)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|ion]], a word coined in 1834 by the English physicist Michael Faraday,^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) who took it from [[grc|ἰόν|tr=ión|t=going]], the neuter present participle of [[m|grc|εἶμι|tr=eîmi|t=to go]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) The name refers to the movement of charged particles from one pole to the other.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011) Devoto derives the Italian word from [[fr|ion]], which GDLI dates to 1873.^(Devoto 1968)^(GDLI|8, 485)

+

+ The derivatives are regular Italian formations ([[ionizzare]], [[ionizzazione]]); [[ionosfera]] is formed with [[sfera]] on the model of [[atmosfera]], and [[anione]] and [[catione]] go back to [[m|grc|ἀνιόν|tr=anión|t=going up]] and [[m|grc|κατιόν|tr=katión|t=going down]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first Italian record is in Lessona, 1875, for an atom or group of atoms that has gained an electric charge by losing or gaining electrons.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) Zingarelli gives 1874.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ DELI quotes Mario Gliozzi: ''ione'', ''anione'' and ''catione'' at first fell out of use, because the theories of the time did not allow for moving groups of atoms, and came back into favour with Svante Arrhenius's electrolytic theory of 1887.^(DELI 1999) The derivatives followed in the 20th century: ''ionizzazione'' (1903, in the title of a work by Augusto Righi), ''ionizzare'' (1904), ''ionico'' “of ions” (1933) and ''ionosfera'' (1949).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) In 1939–1940 Palazzi's dictionary also recorded ''ionizzazione'' as a medical treatment, which drives medicines into the body with an electric current.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1834 – Michael Faraday coins English ''ion''.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1875 – Lessona uses Italian ''ione''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1887 – Arrhenius's electrolytic theory brings the word back into use.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1892 – ''Anione'' and ''catione'' are recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1903 – ''Ionizzazione'' appears in a title by Augusto Righi.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1949 – ''Ionosfera'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(chemistry, physics)'' An [[m|en|ion]]: an [[m|en|atom]] or group of atoms with a positive charge (''catione'') or a negative one (''anione''), after losing or gaining electrons: ''ione sodio'', ''ione cloruro''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ionizzare]]

+ * [[ionizzazione]]

+ * [[ionosfera]]

+ * [[ionico]]

+ * [[anione]]

+ * [[catione]]

+ * [[ionoforesi]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Because it begins with the sound /j/, ''ione'' takes the articles ''lo'', ''uno'' and ''gli'': ''lo ione'', ''gli ioni''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) GDLI records a separate Tuscan phrase, ''andare a ione'', “to wander about, waste time”, of uncertain origin.^(GDLI|8, 485)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}