illegale Italian · revision 39290

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=1688, Archivio medico document}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /il.leˈɡa.le/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''illegale''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural illegali)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|in-|legale]], with the negative prefix.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Sabatini–Coletti see the model of [[fr|illégal]] or [[en|illegal]] behind it,^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) GDLI compares [[la-med|illēgālis]] and the French word, recorded from the 14th century,^(GDLI|7, 254) and Wiktionary treats it as a borrowing of the Medieval Latin word.^(Wiktionary) Tommaseo noted that it had no old examples and was formed on the analogy of [[illegittimo]].^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ The noun [[illegalità]] is the French [[m|fr|illégalité]] (1361) or the English [[m|en|illegality]] (1639).^(DELI 1999)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is a document of 1688 in a medical archive, with the sense “contrary to the law”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 18th century Ferdinando Galiani wrote of an “illegal violence” used against a private person, and Carlo Botta of a tax imposed outside the assembly as “illegal, unjust and against the Constitution”.^(GDLI|7, 254) Tommaseo distinguished a stronger sense, contrary to civil or political law, from a milder one, not in proper legal form.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) ''Illegalità'' followed in 1689 and ''illegalismo'' in 1924, in Mussolini;^(DELI 1999) Panzini's dictionary of 1927 criticised the latter as a forgetting of the mother tongue.^(DELI 1999)

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+ In recent use the adjective is also a noun for an illegal immigrant, and in computing it describes a character or an operation a program cannot accept.^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1688 – ''Illegale'' appears in a medical archive document.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1689 – ''Illegalità'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1924 – Mussolini uses ''illegalismo''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|illegal]], not allowed by the law or by the rules in force: ''Vendere alcolici ai minori è illegale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(computing)'' Of a character, not recognised by a program; of an operation, one that a system cannot carry out.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An illegal [[m|en|immigrant]].^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[illegalità]]

+ * [[illegalmente]]

+ * [[illegalismo]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[legale]]

+ * [[legalità]]

+ * [[illegittimo]]

+ * [[illecito]]

+ * [[la-med|illēgālis]]

+ * [[fr|illégal]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ Zingarelli separates it from its near-synonyms: ''clandestino'' is something done in secret because it is illegal, and also a person staying in a country without a permit;^(Zingarelli 2010) ''nero'' and ''sommerso'' describe work and business that escape tax and social security.^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}