pensione Italian · revision 39289

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1519, Leonardo da Vinci|origins=la pendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /penˈsjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pensione''' ''f'' (plural pensioni)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|pēnsiō|t=weighing; payment; rent]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Latin noun is formed from [[m|la|pendō|t=to weigh, pay]];^(DELI 1999)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Devoto 1968) the sense “payment” comes from the old weighing out of money, and payment on a fixed day led to “rent”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) The inherited outcome of the same Latin word is [[pigione|t=rent]], a doublet.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Related forms are [[fr|pension]] and [[es|pensión]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ The sense “board and lodging for a fixed price” is a calque of French [[m|fr|pension]], recorded in 1535 for a person's keep; the traditional Italian word for it was [[dozzina]].^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Some derivatives are modelled on French as well, on [[m|fr|pensionner]] and [[m|fr|pensionnat]].^(DELI 1999) For the origin of Latin [[m|la|pendō]], de Vaan weighs [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-|t=to spin]] against a root meaning “to fall”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Leonardo da Vinci, who died in 1519: in his will he leaves Francesco Melzi “the rest of his pension and sum of money”, a periodic payment.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century a ''pensione'' was any periodic sum: a stipend paid to officials, courtiers and soldiers, a subsidy to an ally, a charge laid on church benefices, or a tribute.^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GRADIT 2003) Berni and Ariosto use it of the pensions charged on church livings, and Galileo of a pension he thought of giving up.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The modern sense, an allowance paid after the end of a working life or for invalidity, grew out of these.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ The hotel senses arrived in the 19th century through French: the price of board and lodging and the service itself are recorded in the Milanese press in 1818, and a boarding house in 1836.^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT) DELI quotes Paolo Zolli on the derivatives: at the beginning of the 19th century ''pensionario'', ''pensionista'' and ''pensionato'' all meant “person drawing a pension”, and only ''pensionato'' survived.^(DELI 1999) English uses ''pensione'' for a boarding house in Italy, from 1929.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1519 – Leonardo da Vinci uses ''pensione'' for a periodic payment.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1608–1619 – ''Pensionato'' “one who receives a pension” is recorded in Paolo Sarpi.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1797 – ''Pensionare'' “to retire someone” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1818 – The Milanese press uses ''pensione'' for board and lodging.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1836 – It is used for a boarding house.^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT)

+ * 1929 – English ''pensione'' is first recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1963 – ''Pensionistico'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1981 – ''Prepensionamento'', early retirement, is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pension]], a sum paid regularly by the state or another body after retirement, for invalidity or to surviving relatives: ''Mia nonna vive con la pensione minima.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|retirement]], the condition of a person drawing a pension: ''andare in pensione'', ''essere in pensione''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Board and lodging for an agreed price, and the sum paid for it: ''mezza pensione'', ''pensione completa''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A [[m|en|boarding house]] or small family-run hotel: ''Abbiamo dormito in una pensione vicino al porto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(historical)'' A salary paid to officials; a charge on church benefices; a tribute.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pensionato]]

+ * [[pensionare]]

+ * [[pensionante]]

+ * [[pensionamento]]

+ * [[pensionabile]]

+ * [[pensionistico]]

+ * [[pensionista]]

+ * [[prepensionamento]]

+ * [[prepensionare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pigione]]

+ * [[dozzina]]

+ * [[pesare]]

+ * [[la|pēnsiō]]

+ * [[fr|pension]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}