giapponese Italian · revision 39254

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=1585, Venice|origins=nan-hbl 日本}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /d͡ʒap.poˈne.ze/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Traditional: /d͡ʒap.poˈne.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''giapponese''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural giapponesi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed in Italian: [[af|it|Giappone|-ese|t1=Japan]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary takes the country name from [[fr|Japon]], from [[pt|Japão]] and [[ms|Jepang]], and these from [[nan-hbl|日本|tr=Ji̍t-pún]], the Chinese name meaning “sun origin”.^(Wiktionary) DELI and Nocentini take it from the name of the country, [[zh|日本|tr=Rìběn]], short for a longer name meaning “country of the origin of the sun”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini also names the French form as the route.^(Nocentini 2010) Marco Polo's book of travels gives the island as [[roa-oit|Zipangu]], closer to the Chinese original.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is the title of an account printed in Venice in 1585, ''La venuta de' principi giapponesi'', “The coming of the Japanese princes”.^(DELI 1999) In a letter of 1578 Filippo Sassetti used the curious form ''Giapino'', and ''iaponi'' is found in 1587.^(DELI 1999) GRADIT and Zingarelli date ''giapponese'' to 1589.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Writers of the 17th century and later used the word for the language, ships and goods of Japan: Serdonati speaks of the long labour of learning ''la lingua giapponese''.^(GDLI|6, 767) In the 19th century Japanese fans and curios became fashionable, as in Fogazzaro and D'Annunzio, and Italian took ''giapponeseria'' from French ''japonaiserie''.^(GDLI|6, 767)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999) Nocentini dates it to 1886, while DELI's first record is Ugo Ojetti in 1929.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999) ''Lotta giapponese'', judo or jujitsu, is recorded in 1923.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ A recent figurative sense refers to the Japanese soldiers who held out in the jungle for years after the end of the Second World War: ''l'ultimo giapponese'' is a person who stubbornly defends a lost position, and in journalism a ''giapponese'' is someone who refuses to resign.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1578 – Filippo Sassetti writes ''Giapino'' in a letter.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1585 – ''La venuta de' principi giapponesi'' is printed in Venice.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1589 – GRADIT and Zingarelli date ''giapponese'' to this year.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * 1886 – ''Giapponeseria'' is recorded, from French ''japonaiserie''.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1923 – ''Lotta giapponese'' is first recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 2002 – Italian newspapers call board members who refuse to resign ''giapponesi''.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Japanese]], of Japan: ''un giardino giapponese''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Stubbornly holding on to an outdated position.^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A native or inhabitant of [[m|en|Japan]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(masculine, singular only)'' The Japanese [[m|en|language]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative, humorous)'' ''l'ultimo giapponese'': a die-hard defender of outdated ideas.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[giapponeseria]]

+ * [[giapponesità]]

+ * [[giapponesismo]]

+ * [[antigiapponese]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Giappone]]

+ * [[cinese]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ GRADIT lists many names of plants, animals and things with the adjective, such as ''carta giapponese'' (Japanese paper), ''cedro giapponese'' and ''perla giapponese''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011) The /s/ is voiced in the neutral pronunciation and voiceless in the traditional one.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}