giacca Italian · revision 39198

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1853, D'Ayala|origins=fro jaque}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈd͡ʒak.ka/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''giacca''' ''f'' (plural giacche)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fro|jaque]] (1364), which had the diminutive [[m|fro|jaquette]] (1375).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The French word is usually derived from the name [[fr|Jacques|t=James]], which also meant “peasant”, because peasants wore this kind of garment.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020) DELI and Devoto–Oli give this explanation with some reserve;^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) DELI adds that an Arabic origin proposed by some scholars is ruled out by the French centre of diffusion and the uncertain records.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ In Italian the diminutive [[giacchetta]], from the French diminutive, came first, and the shorter word spread only in the 19th century.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Devoto and the GDLI therefore take the word as extracted from the diminutive, as if restoring its base form.^(Devoto 1968)^(GDLI|6, 750)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in D'Ayala's military dictionary of 1853, for the upper part of a man's suit.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Giacchetta'' is older: 15th-century examples, in Sercambi among others, meant a coat of mail, and Boerio's Venetian dictionary of 1829 calls ''giachèta'' a word lately become common to all Italy, from French ''jaquette''.^(DELI 1999) Tommaseo did not list ''giacca''.^(DELI 1999) Tuscan purists disliked it: Fanfani and Arlìa (1877) called it a rude word of northern and southern Italy that Tuscans could not hear without disgust, while Valeriani had already admitted in 1854 that ''giacchetta'' could no longer be rooted out of Italian.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|6, 750)

+

+ In the 20th century came ''giaccone'' “heavy long jacket” (1933, Ugo Ojetti) and ''giacca a vento'' “windcheater, anorak”, which Prati dates to 1934;^(DELI 1999) ''giacca da vento'' is in Olivieri's mountaineering glossary of the same year.^(DELI 1999) In sports journalism ''giacca nera'' “black jacket” meant a football referee (1965).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1364 – Old French ''jaque'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1829 – Boerio records Venetian ''giachèta'' as a word common to all Italy.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1853 – ''Giacca'' appears in D'Ayala's dictionary.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1877 – Fanfani and Arlìa condemn ''giacca'' as un-Tuscan.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1933 – Ugo Ojetti uses ''giaccone''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1934 – ''Giacca a vento'', according to Prati.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1965 – ''Giacca nera'' “referee” in sports language.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|jacket]]: a garment for men or women with sleeves, buttoned at the front, usually with lapels and reaching to the hips: ''giacca e cravatta''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The top half of a two-piece outfit, such as pyjamas or a tracksuit.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[giacchetta]]

+ * [[giaccone]]

+ * [[giacchetto]]

+ * [[sopraggiacca]]

+ * [[sottogiacca]]

+ * [[giacchino]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fr|jaquette]]

+ * [[en|jacket]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Giacca a vento'' is a windproof, often padded jacket with a hood, worn for mountain sports.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020) ''Tirare qualcuno per la giacca'' means to press someone to take one's side.^(Zingarelli 2010) An obsolete homograph ''giacca'' was the fruit of the jackfruit or breadfruit tree, from Malay, recorded before 1725.^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI|6, 750)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}