giornalista Italian · revision 39194

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=borrowing|attested=1669, Giovan Battista Capucci}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /d͡ʒor.naˈlis.ta/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''giornalista''' ''m or f'' by sense (masculine plural giornalisti, feminine plural giornaliste)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Most dictionaries say it is [[bor|fr|journaliste]], a derivative of [[m|fr|journal|t=newspaper]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GDLI|6) De Mauro's GRADIT and Wiktionary instead treat it as an Italian formation, [[af|it|giornale|-ista]], comparing the French word.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The dates favour the Italian formation: GRADIT records the French word only from 1704 and the GDLI from 1703, while the first Italian record is of 1669.^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI|6)^(DELI 1999)

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+ The noun [[giornale]], to which the word belongs in either case, is itself a derivative of [[m|it|giorno|t=day]].^(Nocentini 2010)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ An earlier, local use is recorded in Venice in 1584, where the word, also in the dialect spelling ''zornalista'', named the clerk who kept the daybook (''giornale'') of the public banks.^(DELI 1999) In the modern line of meaning Giovan Battista Capucci used it in 1669 for the compiler of a literary journal.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 18th century a ''giornalista'' was still mostly the editor of a learned or literary review: Antonio Vallisneri speaks of the “most learned journalists of Trévoux”, the Jesuit editors of the ''Journal de Trévoux''.^(GDLI|6)^(DELI 1999) Francesco D'Alberti listed it in 1798 as a word in common use, though not always a flattering one.^(DELI 1999) Vittorio Alfieri mocked the trade in verse, asking who gives fame and who defames, and answering each time ''i giornalisti''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|2, 1081) Rigutini and Fanfani in 1875 quote the remark that young men who fail their school-leaving exams throw themselves into journalism.^(DELI 1999)

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+ With the political press of the 19th century the word came to mean anyone who writes for newspapers, and in the 20th century it took in the newsrooms of radio, television and press agencies.^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Italian law distinguishes the ''giornalista professionista'', who does nothing else for a living, from the ''giornalista pubblicista'', who writes alongside another job.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1584 – In Venice the word names a clerk of the public banks' daybook.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1669 – Giovan Battista Capucci uses ''giornalista'' for the compiler of a literary journal.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1703–1704 – French ''journaliste'' is first recorded.^(GDLI|6)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1798 – D'Alberti's dictionary lists the word as current.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|journalist]], a man or woman who writes for a [[giornale|alt=newspaper]] or works in its editorial staff, or who reports the news for a press agency, the radio or television: ''Due giornalisti aspettavano davanti al tribunale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(historical)'' The editor or contributor of a literary or scientific review.^(GDLI|6)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[giornalistume]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[giornale]]

+ * [[giorno]]

+ * [[fr|journaliste]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ The noun is masculine or feminine according to the person: ''il giornalista'', ''la giornalista'', plural ''i giornalisti'', ''le giornaliste''.^(Wiktionary)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) A ''giornalista professionista'' is registered with the professional order and has no other paid work; a ''giornalista pubblicista'' is registered but writes alongside another occupation.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}